GGCT2;2 Antibody

Understanding GGCT2;2 in Plant Biochemistry

GGCT2;2 belongs to a family of γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCTs) in Arabidopsis that catalyze the degradation of glutathione (GSH) and γ-glutamyl peptides, producing 5-oxoproline (5-OP) and releasing cysteine-glycine (Cys-Gly) . These enzymes are critical for GSH homeostasis, particularly under stress conditions such as heavy metal exposure or sulfur deficiency.

Antibodies for Related Proteins

While no direct antibodies for GGCT2;2 are cited, antibodies for analogous enzymes and homologs are available:

2.1. GGCT2;1 Antibody

• Source: Arabidopsis GGCT2;1 recombinant protein.

• Applications: Western blot, IHC, functional studies in yeast/mutant plants.

• Key Findings:

  • Overexpression reduces GSH levels, enhancing arsenic tolerance by promoting arsenite efflux .

  • Knockout mutants show increased GSH accumulation under sulfur deficiency .

2.2. Human GGCT Antibody

• Source: Monoclonal antibody (GGCT-mAb) targeting human GGCT.

• Applications: IHC on human tissues (e.g., kidney, liver, placenta) .

• Key Findings:

  • Widespread expression in epithelial, endothelial, and glandular cells.

  • Strong cytoplasmic/nuclear staining in serous glands (e.g., salivary, pancreatic) .

2.3. GGT2 Antibody

• Source: Rabbit polyclonal antibody for human Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 2 (GGT2).

• Applications: ELISA, WB, IHC.

• Key Findings:

  • Initiates extracellular GSH breakdown; implicated in cancer and metabolic disorders .

Functional Insights into GGCT2;2

GGCT2;2 operates alongside GGCT2;1 and GGCT2;3 to regulate GSH turnover in Arabidopsis. Key findings include:

3.1. GSH Metabolism

• Cytosolic Role: GGCT2;2 contributes to GSH degradation, balancing intracellular GSH levels .

• Stress Response: Upregulated under sulfur deficiency to recycle glutamate, reducing energy demand for de novo GSH synthesis .

3.2. Heavy Metal Tolerance

• Arsenic Resistance: GGCT2;1 overexpression enhances arsenite efflux by lowering GSH, a mechanism likely shared with GGCT2;2 .

• Cadmium Sensitivity: Reduced GSH in GGCT2;1-expressing mutants increases cadmium uptake, highlighting enzyme-specific trade-offs .

Limitations and Future Directions

• Antibody Availability: No commercial antibodies for GGCT2;2 are documented in the provided sources.

• Nomenclature Ambiguity: Confusion may arise between plant GGCT2;2 and human/mammalian GGCT or GGT2.

• Research Gaps: Functional studies on GGCT2;2-specific interactions or localization are lacking.