GDF3 Antibody
Description
Introduction to GDF3 Antibody
GDF3 (Growth/Differentiation Factor 3) is a cytokine belonging to the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily, with roles in embryonic development, adipose tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation. GDF3 antibodies are research tools used to detect and study the protein’s expression, localization, and functional interactions. These antibodies are critical for understanding GDF3’s mechanisms in disease contexts, including fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.
Biological Function of GDF3
GDF3 regulates diverse cellular processes:
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Fibrosis: GDF3 induces fibroblast proliferation via ALK4/7 and ALK1/2/3/6 receptors, contributing to adverse cardiac remodeling .
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Adipose Tissue: It modulates energy balance under nutrient overload by signaling through ACVR1C/CRIPTO complexes .
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Immune Response: GDF3 reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) and inhibits pyroptosis in macrophages, offering therapeutic potential in sepsis .
Antibody Applications in GDF3 Research
GDF3 antibodies enable:
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Western Blot (WB): Detection of GDF3 in lysates (e.g., human embryonic stem cells) .
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localization in tissues like mouse thymus or adipose tissue .
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ELISA: Quantification of GDF3 in serum or conditioned media .
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Immunofluorescence: Visualization of cytoplasmic GDF3 in stem cells .
Key Research Findings Using GDF3 Antibodies
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Fibrotic Cardiac Remodeling: A neutralizing GDF3 antibody abrogated fibroblast proliferation in ischemic hearts, highlighting GDF3 as a fibrosis marker .
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Sepsis Therapy: Administration of recombinant GDF3 (detected via WB) improved survival in septic mice by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis .
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Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Lifelong GDF3 deficiency reduced inflammatory macrophages in aged mice, as confirmed by IHC-P .
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Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance: GDF3 antibodies identified its role in inhibiting BMP signaling and promoting TGF-β/activin-like pathways .
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Four of the five variants in the GDF3 gene contribute differently to the pathogenicity of congenital scoliosis, potentially providing molecular evidence for clinical genetic testing. PMID: 29735971
- OCT4 acts as a transcriptional activator for GDF3 transcription in pluripotent human embryonic carcinoma NCCIT cells, contributing to the understanding of molecular networks regulating stem cell behavior in germ cell-derived pluripotency and tumorigenesis. PMID: 27803451
- Research has expanded the spectrum of mutations associated with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and suggests a potential disease-related GDF3 gene variant in the pathogenesis of CHDs. PMID: 25372014
- Evidence indicates that NANOG is a transcriptional activator of the expression of the oncogenic growth factor GDF3 in embryonic carcinoma cells. PMID: 22963770
- The expression level of GDF3 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to surrounding non-tumorous tissues. PMID: 22488170
- Conditioned medium from CHO-GDF3 cells can reduce PC12 cell growth and induce cell differentiation. PMID: 21805089
- Growth differentiation factor 3 is induced by bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and BMP-7, leading to increased luteinizing hormone receptor messenger RNA expression in human granulosa cells. PMID: 22305102
- Mutations in GDF3 can cause ocular and skeletal anomalies. PMID: 19864492
- Research suggests that GDF3 plays important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, opening avenues for further research on GDF3 in the CNS. PMID: 16126341
- GDF3 regulates both key characteristics of embryonic stem cells: the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and the ability to differentiate into a full spectrum of cell types. PMID: 16339188
- GDF3 regulates adipose-tissue homeostasis and energy balance under nutrient overload, partially by signaling through the ALK7 receptor. PMID: 18480259
- GDF3 may be a bi-functional TGF-beta ligand, or more likely, a BMP inhibitor that can artificially activate Nodal signaling under non-physiological conditions. PMID: 18823971
- GDF3 positivity is helpful in the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor. PMID: 19396148
