GDF9 Antibody

1. This mini-review examines recent findings highlighting the fundamental roles of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in regulating ovarian function. It also explores their potential as markers of oocyte quality in women. PMID: 30039232
2. Research suggests that GDF9 and BMP15, secreted by oocytes, play pivotal roles in controlling ovarian function during female reproduction. They modulate both the fate of somatic granulosa cells and the quality/developmental competence of the egg. (GDF9 = growth and differentiation factor-9; BMP15 = bone morphogenetic protein-15) [REVIEW] PMID: 29544636
3. GDF9 single nucleotide polymorphism is not associated with Endometriosis-associated infertility. PMID: 28831646
4. GDF9 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with fecundity. PMID: 28762037
5. Asiaticoside hindered the invasive growth of KFs by inhibiting the GDF-9/MAPK/Smad pathway. PMID: 28346732
6. Human GDF9 and BMP15 work synergistically to stimulate granulosa cell proliferation. This response involves species-specific non-SMAD signaling pathways. PMID: 25155366
7. These findings indicate that the GDF9 C447T SNP is a potential genetic risk factor for female infertility in the Polish population. PMID: 27035733
8. GDF-9 promotes keloid fibroblast proliferation and migration through a mechanism involving the Smad2/3 pathway. PMID: 27855376
9. GDF9 c.169G>T (D57Y), c.546G>A (rs1049127), and BMP15 rs79377927 (788_789insTCT) were associated with premature ovarian failure in the Chinese Hui population. PMID: 25954833
10. These results support a model where human GDF9 activation depends on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin likely plays a central role in regulating fertility in mono-ovular mammals. PMID: 26254468
11. GDF-9 and GDF-15 levels might influence bone parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 24430093
12. GDF9 and BMP15 expression is reduced in primordial, primary, and secondary follicles in the ovarian tissues of PCOS patients. PMID: 25172094
13. The arginine residue in the pre-helix loop of GDF9 homodimer might prevent inhibition from its pro-domain or directly alter receptor binding. However, this residue in GDF9 does not significantly affect heterodimer activity. PMID: 25253739
14. Eleven unique copy number changes have been identified in a total of 11 patients, including a tandem duplication of 475 bp containing part of the GDF9 gene promoter region. PMID: 24939957
15. Data suggest up-regulation of mRNA for GDF9 and BMP15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15) in cumulus granulosa cells serves as a biomarker for oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo quality, and pregnancy in couples undergoing ICSI for male infertility. PMID: 25139161
16. These results suggest that COCs cultured with recombinant GDF9 in oocyte maturation medium improve oocyte developmental competence and subsequent developmental competence of cloned embryos in cattle. PMID: 24840335
17. Reduced expression of growth and differentiation factor-9 is associated with aggressive behavior of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 25368253
18. Oocyte-derived GDF9 does not alter gap junction intercellular communication activity between human granulosa cells. PMID: 24413384
19. Alterations to hGDF9 synthesis and activity can contribute to the most common ovarian pathologies. PMID: 24438375
20. Genetic association studies in a population of Han women in China: Data suggest that a mutation in the precursor region of GDF9 (R146C) is associated with premature ovarian failure (POF); the R146C mutation was found in 3 women with POF but absent in controls. PMID: 23851219
21. FOXL2 expression is required for GDF-9 stimulation of follistatin transcription. PMID: 23523567
22. BMP15 and GDF9 transcript levels increase in mature oocytes from women with polycystic ovary syndrome after ovarian stimulation and might inhibit progesterone secretion by follicular cells. PMID: 22825968
23. Findings that GDF9:BMP15 heterodimers are the most bioactive ligands in mice and humans compared with homodimers explain many puzzling genetic and physiological data and have significant implications for improving female fertility in mammals. PMID: 23382188
24. CDC6 and GDF-9 might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. PMID: 23011157
25. Studies have shown that human kidney tumors exhibit reduced or loss of GDF9 expression. In vitro, GDF9 overexpression suppresses the invasiveness, growth, and migration of kidney cancer cells. PMID: 23060562
26. GDF-9 levels are inversely correlated with the growth, adhesion, and migration of bladder cancer cells in vitro. PMID: 22159313
27. GDF9 might contribute to the observed variation in follicular development, ovulation rate, and fecundity among mammals. PMID: 22234469
28. GDF9 decreases basal and activin A-induced FST and FSTL3 expression. This explains, in part, its enhancing effects on activin A-induced inhibin beta(B)-subunit mRNA expression and inhibin B production in hGL cells. PMID: 21829661
29. In samples from girls/women, the number of developing follicles was greater with GDF9 or BMP15 alone than with no BMP15 or GDF9. PMID: 21632818
30. The expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in oocytes from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome does not reach the normal level even after ovarian stimulation. PMID: 21669410
31. Higher mature GDF9 levels in the follicular fluid were significantly correlated with oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo quality. PMID: 21496799
32. GDF-9 signaling via ALK-5 can promote cell invasiveness. PMID: 21116689
33. GDF-9 and BMP-15 play integral roles in ovarian function. PMID: 21226076
34. GDF-9 can promote the motile and adhesive capacity of PC-3 prostate cancer cells by up-regulating expression of FAK and paxillin in a Smad-dependent manner, suggesting a pro-tumorigenic role for GDF-9 in prostate cancer. PMID: 21042764
35. Impaired production of BMP15 and GDF9 mature proteins derived from proproteins with mutations in the proregion. PMID: 20547206
36. Mutational analysis of the coding region of GDF9 among 216 Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Five novel missense mutations were discovered, namely c.15C>G, c.118T>G, c.133A>G, c.1025A>T, and c.1275C>A. PMID: 20705511
37. The detection of GDF9 and TGFbetaR1 at both the protein and mRNA levels suggests that GDF9 may have functions in human preantral follicles. PMID: 20427239
38. GDF9 c.G546A, but not c.G169A or c.C447T, is correlated with poor ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve. PMID: 20451184
39. GDF9 attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on StAR expression and progesterone production by increasing the expression of inhibin B, which acts as an activin A competitor. PMID: 20660033
40. Cell growth was significantly increased in the GDF9 over-expressing cells compared to the two controls; apoptosis was decreased in the presence of GDF9. PMID: 20458753
41. GDF-9 concentration in women with severe endometriosis was lower than in those without. PMID: 19931079
42. Data demonstrate that polymorphisms in major folliculogenesis genes, GDF9, BMP15, AMH, and AMHR2, are not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility. PMID: 20236105
43. Reduced GDF-9 expression in cumulus granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appears to be associated with decreased long-term developmental potential of the oocytes of patients with PCOS. PMID: 19376510
44. Data show that Golgi apparatus casein kinase (G-CK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of rhBMP-15 and rhGDF-9. PMID: 20067794
45. Two synonymous mutations (c.447C>T, c.546G>A) and a novel missense variant (c.169G>T) were found in both premature ovarian failure patients and control subjects in the coding region of GDF9, indicating them as a novel polymorphism. PMID: 19438907
46. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II is a receptor for growth differentiation factor-9. PMID: 12135884
47. Interaction with bone morphogenetic protein-15. PMID: 12446716
48. BMP-15 and GDF-9 play roles in fertility; critical sequences are determined by mutagenesis. PMID: 14970198
49. This case-control study revealed eight mutations in the GDF9 gene in women with premature ovarian failure. PMID: 16278619
50. While mutations in BMP15 and GDF9 are not a major cause of ovarian insufficiency, they may be involved in premature ovarian failure. PMID: 16645022

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HGNC: 4224

OMIM: 601918

KEGG: hsa:2661

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296875

UniGene: Hs.25022