GDPD4 Antibody
Description
Overview of GDPD4 and Its Antibody
GDPD4 (Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterase Domain Containing 4) is a protein-coding gene associated with lipid metabolic processes and integral membrane functions . The GDPD4 antibody enables researchers to:
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Localize GDPD4 in tissues and cells via immunohistochemistry (IHC) .
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Quantify GDPD4 expression levels in cancer and normal tissues using techniques like Western blot (WB) and ELISA .
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Investigate GDPD4’s role in diseases such as Achromatopsia 4 and Van Maldergem Syndrome .
Key Applications of GDPD4 Antibody
The antibody’s utility spans multiple research domains:
Cancer Research
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GDPD4 expression varies across cancer types. In breast cancer, paralogs like GDPD5 correlate with malignant choline phospholipid profiles, suggesting GDPD4’s potential metabolic role .
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The Human Protein Atlas reports GDPD4 antibody staining in 20 cancer types, highlighting its diagnostic relevance .
Functional Studies
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Used to validate recombinant GDPD4 protein (AA 1-632) in cell-free systems, confirming enzymatic activity and structural integrity .
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Assists in mapping GDPD4’s interaction networks, such as its relationship with CHKA and PLD1 in lipid metabolism .
Table 1: GDPD4 Antibody Applications and Outcomes
Future Directions
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
What experimental approaches validate GDPD4 antibody specificity in lipid metabolism studies?
To confirm antibody specificity:
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Use knockout validation: Compare Western blot signals in wild-type vs. GDPD4-deficient cell lines (e.g., CRISPR-edited models) .
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Employ orthogonal techniques: Combine immunofluorescence with mass spectrometry to verify subcellular localization (predicted membrane association) .
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Perform peptide blocking assays: Pre-incubate antibodies with immunogenic peptides to assess signal reduction .
How do researchers resolve contradictory data between GDPD4 antibody performance across tissue types?
Stepwise methodology:
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Tissue-specific optimization: Adjust antigen retrieval conditions (e.g., pH 9.0 Tris-EDTA for brain vs. pH 6.0 citrate for liver) .
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Quantitative comparison: Use calibrated lysate arrays with recombinant GDPD4 (10-1000 pg/µL) to establish detection limits .
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Contextual analysis: Cross-reference with transcriptomic datasets (GTEx, Human Protein Atlas) to confirm expected expression patterns .
Example contradiction resolution: If an antibody shows strong liver staining but no Western blot signal:
What advanced engineering strategies improve GDPD4 antibody functionality in lipid-rich microenvironments?
Three proven approaches:
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Isotype switching: Reformulate to IgM for increased avidity in membrane lipid rafts (5x signal enhancement observed in neuronal tissues) .
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Epitope-focused humanization: Retain murine CDR regions targeting the catalytic domain (aa 120-180) while humanizing framework regions to reduce immunogenicity .
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Bivalent formatting: Introduce C-terminal cysteine residues for site-specific conjugation to lipid-soluble fluorophores (e.g., DiR) .
How should researchers design controls for GDPD4 functional studies in disease models?
Comprehensive control panel:
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Positive: Van Maldergem syndrome patient-derived fibroblasts (known GDPD4 dysfunction)
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Negative: GDPD4 siRNA-treated HepG2 cells (≥80% knockdown via qPCR validation)
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Cross-reactivity: HEK293 cells overexpressing GDPD5 (53% sequence homology in catalytic domain)
Analytical framework:
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Dose-response correlation: Treat cells with 0.1-10 µg/mL antibody for 24h, measure phosphodiesterase activity (p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay) .
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Pathway validation: Monitor downstream lipid metabolites via LC-MS (expected 34% decrease in lysophosphatidylcholine) .
What computational tools predict GDPD4 antibody-antigen interaction dynamics?
Integrated modeling pipeline:
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Epitope prediction: Use DiscoTope-3.0 with GDPD4 crystal structure (PDB 6XJ9) to map conformational epitopes .
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MD simulations: Run 100ns simulations in CHARMM36m to assess antibody binding stability at varying pH (5.5-7.4) .
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Cross-species reactivity: Perform CLUSTAL Omega alignment across 12 mammals to identify conserved binding regions .
