GMNN Antibody
Description
Structure and Function of GMNN (Geminin)
GMNN is a 25 kDa nuclear protein with a leucine zipper domain that inhibits DNA replication by blocking the incorporation of the MCM complex into the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) . Key functional aspects include:
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DNA Replication Inhibition: Binds to Cdt1, preventing its interaction with MCM proteins, thus limiting replication licensing .
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Cell Cycle Regulation: Degraded during the metaphase-anaphase transition, allowing replication to resume in the next cell cycle .
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Neural Differentiation: Plays roles in lineage commitment and cortical development in metazoans .
Research Applications
GMNN Antibodies are employed in diverse experimental workflows:
Western Blot (WB)
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Detection of GMNN: Used at dilutions of 1:1000–1:6000 to identify GMNN in lysates from HeLa, HEK-293, and Jurkat cells .
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Degradation Analysis: Demonstrates mitotic degradation via detection of 24–29 kDa bands .
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Tissue Specificity: Staining in human colon cancer, tonsillitis, and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) tissues .
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Protocol: Antigen retrieval with sodium citrate (pH 6.0) or TE buffer (pH 9.0); primary antibody diluted to 1:200–1:800 .
Immunofluorescence (IF)
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Subcellular Localization: Detects nuclear GMNN in Caki-2 renal carcinoma cells and neural progenitors .
Immunoprecipitation (IP)
Clinical Relevance of GMNN
GMNN has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in cancers, particularly adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC):
Other Cancers
Technical Considerations
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Detection Sensitivity: Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., 66566-1-Ig) show higher specificity in WB, while polyclonal antibodies (e.g., PA5-62110) offer broader reactivity .
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Cross-Reactivity: Rabbit antibodies (e.g., PA5-76710) exhibit 88–90% identity with rodent GMNN, enabling cross-species studies .
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Storage: Antibodies are typically stored at -20°C in PBS with 50% glycerol .
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Geminin is a multifunctional nuclear protein that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, and embryonic development. The mouse anti-human Geminin antibody is a valuable tool for studying these processes in human cells.
Geminin’s activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle. During the S, G2, and M phases, Geminin binds to CDT1, inhibiting its function and preventing the formation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC). This inhibition is crucial for ensuring that DNA replication does not occur more than once per cell cycle .
At the metaphase-anaphase transition, Geminin is targeted for degradation by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). This degradation allows CDT1 to initiate the formation of a new pre-RC in the subsequent cell cycle .
