Customize GLP2A Antibody

Description

Applications in Research

GLP2A Antibodies are pivotal in studying GLP-2’s role in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.

Key Applications:

Application	Method	Purpose
ELISA/Luminex	Sandwich immunoassays	Quantify GLP-2 levels in serum or tissue lysates .
Immunohistochemistry	Fluorescent or chromogenic staining	Map GLP-2R expression in intestinal epithelia or pancreatic islets .
Functional Studies	Blocking assays	Assess GLP-2’s effects on β-catenin signaling or macrophage polarization .

GLP-2 in Intestinal Adaptation and Inflammation

GLP-2 enhances mucosal repair and modulates inflammation:

Mucosal Integrity: GLP-2 promotes crypt cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, increasing intestinal surface area .
Inflammatory Modulation: GLP-2 suppresses NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 pathways, reducing IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression .

GLP-2 in Pancreatic Islet Function

Local GLP-2 production in human islets regulates islet inflammation:

Proinflammatory Conditions: Diabetogenic stress (high glucose/palmitate) or LPS exposure upregulates GLP-2 secretion, which dampens IL-1β and IL-10 expression .
Macrophage Crosstalk: GLP-2R activation reduces M1 macrophage polarization, lowering itaconate and succinate metabolites linked to inflammation .

Table 1: Serum GLP-2 and Cytokine Levels in UC Models

Group	GLP-2 (ng/mL)	NF-κB	IL-6	STAT3
Blank	1.50 [0.75; 2.47]	N/A	N/A	N/A
DSS	1.40 [0.72; 2.35]	↑↑	↑↑	↑↑
GLP-2	1.74 [1.10; 2.67]	↓↓	↓↓	↓↓
Data from ; values represent median [IQR]. ↑↑/↓↓ indicate significant changes.

Table 2: GLP-2 Levels in Gestational Weight Gain (GWG)

GWG Category	GLP-2 (ng/mL)	IL-6 (pg/mL)	TNF-α (pg/mL)
Normal	1.34 [1.13; 1.99]	44.60 [21.38; 106.08]	6.10 [4.34; 9.31]
Excess	1.88 [1.51; 3.70]	62.80 [31.65; 123.44]	13.95 [9.38; 16.53]
Data from ; excess GWG correlates with higher GLP-2 and inflammatory markers.

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

GLP2A antibody; GLP5A antibody; At5g39160 antibody; K3K3.2 antibody; Germin-like protein subfamily 1 member 18 antibody; GLP2a copy 1 antibody

Target Names

GLP2A

Uniprot No.

P92999

Target Background

Function

GLP2A Antibody is believed to participate in plant defense mechanisms. While the active site is conserved, it is unlikely to exhibit oxalate oxidase activity.

Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT5G39160

STRING: 3702.AT5G39160.1

UniGene: At.49106

Protein Families

Germin family

Subcellular Location

Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast.

Q&A

FAQs for GLP2A Antibody Research
Below are categorized FAQs addressing technical and methodological challenges in GLP2A antibody research, supported by experimental evidence and data from peer-reviewed studies.

Advanced Research Questions

How can pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling improve GLP2A antibody dosing strategies?

Methodological framework:
- Noncompartmental analysis: Calculate AUC, C<sub>max</sub>, and t<sub>max</sub> using tools like WinNonlin .
- Indirect response modeling: Incorporate feedback loops between glucose, glucagon, and antibody clearance (e.g., glucose suppression of glucagon secretion) .
- Limitations: Sparse sampling in mice leads to skewed central volume estimates; prioritize composite sampling to reduce variability .

Table 1: PK-PD Parameters in Mouse Studies

Parameter	Value (Low Dose)	Value (High Dose)	Notes
AUC<sub>last</sub>	12.4 µg·h/mL	45.7 µg·h/mL	Linear/log trapezoidal method
C<sub>max</sub>	0.8 µg/mL	3.2 µg/mL	Observed post-i.p. injection
Half-life	~72 h	~120 h	Affected by IgG2 clearance
Data derived from

How to resolve contradictory data on GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) localization in human islets?

Experimental strategies:
- Antibody validation: Use Luminex-based assays with Cys-Doa-Doa-modified peptides to enhance epitope accessibility .
- Single-cell RNA sequencing: Confirm low GLP-2R mRNA expression in α-/β-cell subsets .
- Functional redundancy tests: Assess GLP-2 effects on IL-1β/IL-10 ratios in LPS-treated islets to infer receptor activity .

Data Contradiction Analysis

Why do glycoengineered GLP2A antibodies show variable efficacy in preclinical models?

Critical factors:
- Glycosylation site placement: Rational installation of N-glycans in variable domains (e.g., via computational design) alters activity without impairing antigen binding .
- Sialylation: Co-administration with ManNAc analogs extends half-life by 2.5-fold in murine models .

Table 2: Glycoengineering Outcomes in Therapeutic Antibodies

Modification	Effect on Efficacy	Half-Life Change	Study Model
Variable-domain N-glycan	Enhanced activity in multi-receptor systems	+40%	IL-2-binding mAbs
High-flux sialic acid	Superior in vivo persistence	+150%	Murine PK

How to optimize in vivo antibody painting for GLP2A-drug conjugates?

Technical insights:
- Covalent bonding efficiency: 48% of IgGs successfully bind GLP-1 agonists at 37°C .
- Dose optimization: A 5x lower GLP2A dose achieves sustained glucose control (15 days) in diabetic mice vs. traditional delivery .
- Extracellular interference: Pre-treat with protease inhibitors to reduce debris-mediated painting failure .

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GLP2A Antibody