GLIS3 Antibody
Description
Definition and Biological Role of GLIS3
GLIS3 (GLI-similar 3) is a DNA-binding protein with five C2H2-type zinc finger motifs, structurally homologous to the Gli and Zic families . It regulates transcription by binding to consensus sequences such as 5’-GACCACCCAC-3’ and interacts with key pancreatic transcription factors like PDX1, MAFA, and NEUROD1 . GLIS3 mutations are linked to neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism, and polycystic kidney disease .
Key Features of GLIS3 Antibodies
GLIS3 antibodies are polyclonal or monoclonal reagents validated for applications including:
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Western blotting (WB)
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
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Immunofluorescence (IF/ICC)
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ELISA
They target specific epitopes within the GLIS3 protein, such as amino acid regions 606–775 (C-terminal transactivation domain) or 101–200 (N-terminal repressive domain) .
Pancreatic β-Cell Studies
GLIS3 antibodies have been instrumental in elucidating the transcription factor’s role in β-cell proliferation and insulin gene regulation. For example:
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Loss of GLIS3 in mice causes neonatal hyperglycemia and β-cell apoptosis .
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GLIS3 ChIP assays confirmed its direct binding to insulin and Ccnd2 promoters, critical for β-cell expansion under high-fat diets .
Disease Mechanisms
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Diabetes: GLIS3 knockdown in INS-1E cells reduces INS2, MAFA, and PDX1 expression .
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Germ Cell Development: GLIS3 deficiency disrupts retrotransposon silencing in fetal testes, leading to germ cell loss .
Functional Insights
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GLIS3 maintains adult β-cell function by directly activating insulin transcription .
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Haploinsufficiency of GLIS3 impairs β-cell proliferation under metabolic stress .
Therapeutic Potential
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Galunisertib, identified via GLIS3 antibody-based screens, rescues β-cell apoptosis in GLIS3−/− models .
Developmental Roles
Technical Considerations
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Research indicates that the loss of zinc finger protein GLIS3 (GLIS3) leads to beta-cell death. PMID: 29992946
- Studies have not identified any associations between GLI similar 3 protein (GLIS3) gene polymorphisms rs806052, rs143051164, and rs149840771 and carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in Russia. PMID: 29606121
- Although individually the rs7020673 and rs10758593 SNPs are not significantly associated with T1DM, they appear to interact in the predisposition to this disease. PMID: 28597135
- Given the role of GLIS3 in transcriptional activation and repression during embryogenesis, in humans, GLIS3 mutations manifest with multisystem involvement, including renal cystic dysplasia, progressive liver fibrosis, and osteopenia. Thyroid findings in GLIS3 patients encompass thyroid aplasia, diminished colloid with interstitial fibrosis at post-mortem.[review] PMID: 28648506
- GLIS3 polymorphism has not been associated with Dermatomyositis /Polymyositis in the Chinese Han population. PMID: 28846454
- A study described the common facial dysmorphism consisting of bilateral low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge with overhanging columella, elongated, upslanted palpebral fissures, persistent long philtrum with a thin vermilion border of the upper lip in a cohort of seven patients with GLIS3 mutations and reported the emergence of a distinct, possibly recognizable facial gestalt in this group, which evolves with age. PMID: 27148679
- GLIS3 may play a role in several physiological processes controlled by Glis3. PMID: 26147758
- New findings related to the GLIS3 phenotype include craniosynostosis, hiatus hernia, atrial septal defect, splenic cyst, and choanal atresia, confirming further cases with sensorineural deafness and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID: 26259131
- An analysis of a GLIS3 variant suggests it may play a role in resistance to Japanese type 1 diabetes. PMID: 23856252
- Current data suggest that altered expression of the candidate gene GLIS3 may contribute to both type 1 and 2 diabetes by promoting beta cell apoptosis. PMID: 23737756
- Alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLIS3 and ADCY5 may confer risk of type 2 diabetes. PMID: 21949744
- Studies have investigated the associations of GLIS3-rs7034200 and CRY2-rs11605924 with fasting glucose, beta cell function, and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 21747906
- Glis3 interacts with Suppressor of Fused (SUFU). PMID: 21543335
- Research demonstrates a major role for GLIS3 in the development of pancreatic beta cells, as well as the thyroid, eye, liver, and kidney. PMID: 16715098
