Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence
L21/32 (DSHB) shows strong reactivity in rat brain sections, particularly in neuronal populations expressing GluR2 .
AGC-005 (Alomone) enables live-cell imaging of GluR2 on the surface of neurons, critical for studying receptor dynamics .
Western Blotting
L21/32 detects a ~90 kDa band corresponding to GluR2 in rat brain lysates .
AGC-005 confirms specificity by blocking peptide competition, eliminating non-specific signals .
Functional Studies
6C4 (Merck Millipore) has been used to study AMPA receptor composition in synaptic plasticity and cognitive flexibility .
Knockout (KO) validation in mice confirms that L21/32 does not cross-react with GluA1, GluA3, or GluA4 .
4. Key Research Findings
Recent studies highlight the role of GluR2 antibodies in elucidating receptor function and pathology:
Study Focus Key Findings Implications Synaptic Plasticity AMPA receptor endocytosis mediates long-term potentiation decay and memory loss . GluR2 turnover regulates learning and memory processes. Neurodegeneration RAB39B regulates GluA2 trafficking, linking mutations to intellectual disability . Dysregulation of GluR2 trafficking may underpin neurodevelopmental disorders. Autoimmunity Anti-NR2 antibodies in SLE patients activate endothelial cells, promoting BBB inflammation . Glutamate receptor autoantibodies may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Challenges and Controversies
Specificity concerns : Some antibodies show cross-reactivity with homologous receptors (e.g., GluA1, GluA3) .
Diagnostic limitations : Despite initial reports, GluD2 antibodies are not reliable biomarkers for opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) .