GNPDA2 Antibody

Definition and Characteristics

GNPDA2 Antibody is a polyclonal rabbit-derived immunoglobulin designed to target glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2), an enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of D-glucosamine-6-phosphate to D-fructose-6-phosphate and ammonium . This antibody is widely used in molecular biology research for detecting GNPDA2 protein expression via Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and immunofluorescence.

Key Properties

Tested Applications

Notes:

• Western Blot: Positive controls include human kidney lysate (e.g., PA5-20694) .

• IHC: Optimal results require antigen retrieval (TE buffer pH 9.0 recommended) .

Role in Metabolic Pathways

GNPDA2 is critical in hexosamine biosynthesis, influencing UDP-GlcNAc levels and hyaluronan synthesis . Key findings include:

1. Adipogenesis Regulation:

   • Overexpression enhances lipid droplet accumulation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) .

   • Knockdown reduces adipocyte differentiation and upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) .

   • Mechanism: Modulates PPARγ and STAT5 signaling pathways .

2. Lipid/Glucose Metabolism:

   • Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GNPDA2-deficient ADMSCs include those linked to fatty acid degradation, elongation, and biosynthesis .

Neurodegenerative Implications

GNPDA2 is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and tauopathies:

Mechanistic Insight:

• Ammonium Toxicity: GNPDA2 activity increases ammonium, a neurotoxin linked to AD progression .

• O-GlcNAcylation: Reduced UDP-GlcNAc may destabilize APP/Tau glycosylation, promoting amyloid plaques .

Antibody Validation

Protocols

• WB Protocol:

  1. Lyse cells in RIPA buffer.

  2. Separate proteins via SDS-PAGE.

  3. Transfer to nitrocellulose membrane.

  4. Block with 5% BSA, incubate with antibody (1:1000) .

• IHC Protocol:

  1. Paraffin sections treated with TE buffer (pH 9.0).

  2. Block with 10% FBS.

  3. Incubate with antibody (1:50–1:100) .