GC1 Antibody
Description
Introduction to GC1 Antibodies
GC1 antibodies refer to immunoglobulins targeting specific isoforms of the GC1 protein, which exists in two distinct biological contexts: (1) Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein C1 (gC1) and (2) mitochondrial glutamate carrier GC1 (SLC25A22). These antibodies enable precise detection and functional studies of their respective antigens in virology, cellular biology, and metabolic research. Below is a detailed analysis of their applications, research findings, and comparative data.
HSV-1 Glycoprotein C1 (gC1) Antibodies
Target: HSV-1 glycoprotein C1, a surface protein critical for viral immune evasion and complement regulation.
Applications:
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Serodiagnosis: Distinguishing HSV-1 from HSV-2 infections due to type-specific antibody responses .
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Mechanistic Studies: Investigating gC1’s role in binding complement component C3 to evade host immunity .
Key Antibody: Mouse monoclonal antibody H633 (SeraCare), validated for immunofluorescence (IFA) and Western blot (WB) .
| Parameter | HSV-1 gC1 Antibody (H633) |
|---|---|
| Host Species | Mouse (IgG1) |
| Purity | Protein G affinity chromatography |
| Functional Activity | Reactivity at 10 µg/ml |
| Storage | -20°C (frozen) |
Mitochondrial Glutamate Carrier GC1 (SLC25A22) Antibodies
Target: SLC25A22, a mitochondrial transporter critical for glutamate import and cellular metabolism.
Applications:
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Insulin Secretion: Studying GC1’s role in glucose-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic β-cells .
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Mitochondrial Function: Analyzing glutamate transport kinetics and metabolic regulation .
Key Antibodies:
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Rabbit polyclonal (ab137614): Reacts with human/mouse SLC25A22; suitable for WB, IHC, ICC/IF .
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Rabbit polyclonal (A306408): Validated for WB and ICC/IF; tested in knockout models .
HSV-1 gC1 Antibodies in Virology
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Complement Evasion: gC1 binds human C3, inhibiting complement-mediated viral neutralization. Antibodies against gC1 block this interaction, enhancing host immune defense .
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Serodiagnosis: gC1 and gG1 show 96.1% correlation in Western blot assays, enabling accurate HSV-1 detection .
Mitochondrial GC1 Antibodies in Metabolic Research
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Insulin Secretion: GC1 knockdown reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by 23% in β-cells, restored by exogenous glutamate .
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Mitochondrial Transport: GC1-specific antibodies confirm its localization to the inner mitochondrial membrane and role in glutamate/H⁺ symport .
Comparative Analysis of GC1 Antibodies
| Feature | HSV-1 gC1 Antibody | Mitochondrial GC1 Antibody |
|---|---|---|
| Target Organism | HSV-1 | Mammalian cells |
| Primary Use | Serodiagnosis | Metabolic/molecular biology |
| Validation | IFA, WB | WB, IHC, ICC/IF |
| Cross-Reactivity | HSV-1-specific | Human/mouse/rat |
Challenges and Future Directions
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
Q&A
Here’s a structured FAQ collection for researchers studying GC1 Antibody, synthesized from academic literature and optimized for methodological rigor:
Advanced Research Questions
How do researchers resolve contradictions in GC1-mediated immune response data across aging cohorts?
Discrepancies in CD4/CD8 ratios or cytokine responses (e.g., CNR vs. CR groups ) require:
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Multi-parametric analysis: Combine immune cell frequencies (NKT cells, B cells), cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-6), and gene expression (FOXO1, SOD1) .
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Longitudinal sampling: Track antibody titers pre/post-vaccination to distinguish age-related declines from transient effects .
What methodologies quantify GC1 Antibody’s role in germinal center (GC) affinity maturation?
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Multiphoton microscopy: Visualize GC B-cell clonal competition (e.g., loss of 70% diversity by day 14) .
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Single-cell BCR sequencing: Link somatic hypermutation rates to antibody affinity (KD < 10 nM threshold) .
Methodological Challenges & Solutions
How to design studies analyzing GC1 Antibody’s functional implications in immunosenescence?
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Cohort stratification: Classify older adults into cytokine responders (CR) vs. non-responders (CNR) using IL-2/IL-10 ratios .
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Gene expression profiling: Compare longevity-associated pathways (e.g., redox regulation, DNA repair) via RNA-seq (Table S7 ).
What high-throughput techniques identify GC1 cross-reactivity with related antigens?
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Phage display libraries: Screen >10⁶ variants for off-target binding to gG-2 or gD .
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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR): Measure kinetic parameters (kon/koff) against gC-1 homologs .
Data Tables
Table 1: Key Biomarkers for GC1 Antibody Functional Studies
Table 2: GC Clonal Diversity Metrics
| GC Stage | Clones Seeded | Clones Retained (Day 14) | Affinity (KD, nM) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early | 200 | 60 | 85 ± 12 | |
| Late | 150 | 18 | 9.7 ± 2.1 |
