GOLS1 Antibody
Description
Definition and Biological Context
GOLS1 (Galactinol Synthase 1) is an enzymatic protein critical for synthesizing raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which function as osmoprotectants in plants under stress conditions such as heat, cold, salinity, and oxidative stress . The GOLS1 antibody is a molecular tool designed to detect and quantify GOLS1 protein expression, enabling researchers to study its role in stress tolerance mechanisms and metabolic pathways.
Key Features of GOLS1
-
Molecular Weight: ~38–40 kDa (predicted based on Arabidopsis thaliana sequence) .
-
Catalytic Role: Converts UDP-galactose and myo-inositol to galactinol, a precursor for RFO biosynthesis .
-
Localization: Primarily found in the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm .
Functional Significance
-
Stress Adaptation: GOLS1-mediated galactinol accumulation enhances resilience to abiotic stressors .
-
Pathway Integration: Part of the myo-inositol oxidation (MIO) and nucleotide sugar salvage pathways .
Applications in Research
The GOLS1 antibody is pivotal in diverse experimental workflows:
Critical Validation Steps
-
Knockout Controls: Antibody specificity was confirmed using Arabidopsis gols1 T-DNA insertion mutants, showing no cross-reactivity .
-
Epitope Mapping: Targets the C-terminal catalytic domain (e.g., residues 250–344 in A. thaliana) .
Challenges
-
Non-Specific Binding Risks: Lessons from invalidated galanin receptor antibodies highlight the necessity of rigorous validation .
-
Batch Consistency: Polyclonal antibodies require cross-adsorption to minimize off-target signals .
Stress Response Studies
-
Cold Acclimation: GOLS1 antibody revealed a 3.5-fold increase in protein levels during cold exposure, correlating with β-1,4-galactan accumulation in cell walls .
-
Oxidative Stress: gols1 mutants showed 40% lower survival under methylviologen-induced oxidative stress, validated via antibody-based protein quantification .
Genetic Interaction Networks
-
Coexpression Analysis: GOLS1 interacts with UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGE2/UGE4), critical for UDP-galactose supply .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Overexpression of AtGolS and CsRFS counteracts the defense response to poplar leaf rust disease by suppressing reactive oxygen species and attenuating calcium and phosphatidic acid signaling events that lead to salicylic acid (SA) defense. PMID: 28981890
- Expression of AtGOLS1 decreased under conditions favorable for seed germination. Seed germination rate was faster in T-DNA knockout atgols1 mutant and transgenic plants transformed with an RNA interference construct targeting AtGOLS1 compared with wild type plants. PMID: 29362103
- Research findings indicate that GolS1 and GolS2 are directly regulated by HsfA3 and that GolS enzymes play a crucial role in improving oxidative stress tolerance by increasing galactinol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PMID: 27109422
- GolS1 is a novel heat shock factor target gene, responsible for heat stress-dependent synthesis of raffinose in Arabidopsis. [GolS1] PMID: 15466240
