GPR110 Antibody

Introduction to GPR110 and Its Antibodies

GPR110, also known as Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor F1 (ADGRF1), belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family and LN-TM7 subfamily. It functions as a multipass membrane-bound protein with a long amino-terminus containing multiple domains, including the GPCR proteolytic site (GPS), which is essential for proteolytic cleavage and cell surface expression . GPR110 antibodies are immunoglobulins specifically designed to recognize and bind to this receptor, enabling its detection and study in various biological contexts.

These antibodies have become indispensable tools in medical research, particularly in investigating GPR110's role in cancer progression. Commercial GPR110 antibodies are available in various formats, with different specificities, hosts, and applications, providing researchers with options to suit their experimental needs. As research continues to uncover GPR110's significance in multiple cancer types, these antibodies have gained prominence in both basic research and potential clinical applications.

Applications of GPR110 Antibodies in Research

GPR110 antibodies serve multiple crucial functions in scientific research, enabling investigations into the expression, localization, and function of GPR110 in normal and pathological conditions. The primary applications include:

Western Blot (WB)

Western blotting with GPR110 antibodies allows for detection and semi-quantitative analysis of GPR110 protein expression in tissue and cell lysates. Most commercially available GPR110 antibodies are validated for this application, with observed molecular weights typically around 72-101 kDa . Western blot has been instrumental in studies establishing GPR110's involvement in signaling pathways, particularly in cancer research .

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

IHC applications enable visualization of GPR110 expression patterns in tissue sections, providing critical spatial information about protein localization. Both paraffin-embedded (IHC-P) and frozen (IHC-F) tissue sections can be analyzed using appropriately validated GPR110 antibodies . IHC has proven valuable in clinical studies investigating associations between GPR110 expression and patient outcomes .

Immunofluorescence (IF) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

These techniques allow for detailed cellular and subcellular localization studies of GPR110, with several commercial antibodies validated for IF/ICC applications . Such studies have contributed to understanding GPR110's membrane localization and potential roles in cell signaling.

ELISA and Flow Cytometry (FCM)

ELISA applications provide quantitative measurement of GPR110 in solution, while flow cytometry enables analysis of GPR110 expression in individual cells within heterogeneous populations . These methods complement other techniques to provide comprehensive analysis of GPR110 expression and function.

Research Findings on GPR110 in Cancer

Research utilizing GPR110 antibodies has significantly advanced our understanding of this receptor's role in cancer biology. Several key findings have emerged:

GPR110 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

A significant study demonstrated that GPR110 is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to other breast cancer subtypes . The research revealed that GPR110 promotes cancer progression by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties. Specifically, GPR110 was found to interact with Gαs and activate the RAS signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of Raf and ERK signaling pathways .

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) confirmed that GPR110 levels positively associated with expression of signature genes in the RAS signaling pathway, particularly KRAS signaling. Rescue experiments demonstrated that when GPR110 was overexpressed in MCF-7 cells (representing luminal breast cancer), the expression of EMT and CSC markers increased, while knockdown of KRAS in these cells inhibited these effects .

Clinical Significance of GPR110 Expression

The clinical significance of GPR110 expression has been examined in several cancer types, with notable findings in osteosarcoma. A study involving 94 osteosarcoma patients revealed significant correlations between GPR110 expression and clinical parameters:

*Statistically significant

The data clearly demonstrates that high GPR110 expression correlates significantly with larger tumor size and increased likelihood of distant metastasis. This suggests that GPR110 expression levels could serve as a valuable prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma patients, potentially informing treatment decisions and follow-up strategies.

In triple-negative breast cancer, GPR110 has been shown to promote EMT and CSC phenotypes, contributing to cancer progression and metastasis . Given the lack of targeted treatment options for TNBC, these findings highlight GPR110 as a potential therapeutic target for this aggressive cancer subtype.