GPX1 Antibody

GPX1 Antibody Overview

GPX1 antibodies are polyclonal or monoclonal reagents designed to detect GPX1, a selenium-dependent enzyme encoded by the GPX1 gene. They are widely used in techniques such as Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to study GPX1's role in cellular redox regulation and disease pathology .

Key Features

• Target: Recognizes GPX1 isoforms across species, including human, mouse, rat, and pig .

• Immunogen: Derived from synthetic peptides (e.g., residues 51–150 in mouse GPX1 or 175–194 in human GPX1 ).

• Specificity: Validated against GPX1 knockout cell lines to confirm minimal cross-reactivity with related GPX isoforms (e.g., GPX2/3) .

3.1. Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection

• GPX1 deficiency exacerbates oxidative damage in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), leading to hearing loss. Overexpression or treatment with the GPX1 mimic ebselen reduces peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis .

• In traumatic brain injury models, GPX1 knockout mice show impaired memory recovery due to elevated ROS in hippocampal neurons .

3.2. Cancer Biomarker and Therapeutic Target

• Kidney Cancer: GPX1 is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor survival (AUC = 0.92, p < 0.0001) .

• Gastric Cancer: GPX1 promotes HGF-induced proliferation and invasion via NF-κB and Akt pathways. Knockdown reduces tumor growth .

• Head and Neck Cancer: High GPX1 expression predicts shorter survival, highlighting its role as a prognostic marker .

3.3. Inflammatory Regulation

• GPX1 paradoxically enhances LPS-induced lung inflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, contrasting its typical antioxidant role .

Validation and Quality Control

• Western Blot: Detects GPX1 at ~22 kDa in human, mouse, and rat liver lysates .

• Immunohistochemistry: Cytoplasmic localization in hepatocytes and renal tissues .

• Knockout Validation: No GPX1 signal in GPX1−/− HEK293T cells confirms antibody specificity .

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

• Diagnostic Use: GPX1 levels in blood or tissues may serve as biomarkers for kidney cancer and oxidative stress-related disorders .

• Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting GPX1 with inhibitors (e.g., shRNA) or activators (e.g., ebselen) shows promise in modulating disease progression .

Key Research Challenges

• Dual Role in Inflammation: GPX1’s pro-inflammatory effects under certain conditions (e.g., acute lung injury) complicate its therapeutic targeting .

• Species Variability: Antibody reactivity differs across models; e.g., Biosensis’s antibody detects human/rat GPX1 but not mouse .