GSTM2 Human
Description
Molecular Structure and Gene Characteristics
Gene Details:
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Symbol: GSTM2
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Chromosomal Location: 1p13.3 (organized within a GST mu-class gene cluster) .
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Isoforms: Encodes a 218-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of ~27.9 kDa .
Structural Features:
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Predicted to adopt a thioredoxin fold, common among GSTs, with a glutathione-binding site and hydrophobic substrate-binding domain .
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Purified recombinant GSTM2 is produced in E. coli as a His-tagged protein, stable in Tris-HCl buffer with glycerol and DTT .
Table 1: Biophysical Properties of Recombinant GSTM2
| Property | Detail |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 27.9 kDa |
| Expression System | Escherichia coli |
| Storage Conditions | 4°C (short-term), -20°C (long-term) |
| Buffer Composition | 20 mM Tris-HCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1M NaCl, 1 mM DTT |
Primary Functions:
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Detoxification: Conjugates glutathione to electrophilic compounds (e.g., carcinogens, environmental toxins) for excretion .
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Oxidative Stress Response: Neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation byproducts .
Emerging Roles:
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Hepatic Steatosis Regulation:
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Immune Modulation in Cancer:
Disease Associations:
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD):
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Cancer:
Table 2: Clinical Correlations of GSTM2 Dysregulation
Key Studies:
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Hepatic Steatosis (2022):
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Colon Cancer Immune Microenvironment (2022):
Mechanistic Insights:
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ASK1-p38/JNK Pathway: GSTM2 binds ASK1, reducing phosphorylation by 70% and downstream pro-inflammatory signaling .
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Immune Pathways: Enriched in chemokine signaling, leukocyte migration, and adaptive immune response via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) .
Therapeutic Potential
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NAFLD/NASH: Gene therapy targeting GSTM2 overexpression could mitigate steatosis and inflammation .
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Cancer Immunotherapy: Restoring GSTM2 expression may enhance immune cell infiltration and response to checkpoint inhibitors .
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Biomarker Utility: Low GSTM2 mRNA levels in blood or tissue could serve as a prognostic marker for liver/metabolic diseases and cancer .
Genetic Variants and Polymorphisms
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The GSTM2 locus is highly polymorphic, influencing detoxification capacity and drug metabolism (e.g., chemotherapeutic agents) .
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Specific variants are associated with altered risks for cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration .
Expression and Distribution
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 2 (GSTM2) is a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, which plays a crucial role in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous compounds. GSTM2 is involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide variety of hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds, facilitating their excretion from the body.
GSTM2 is a protein-coding gene that encodes for the enzyme glutathione S-transferase Mu 2. This enzyme is part of the larger GST superfamily, which is divided into several classes, including Alpha, Mu, Pi, and Theta. The Mu class, to which GSTM2 belongs, is characterized by its ability to conjugate glutathione to a variety of substrates, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, and products of oxidative stress .
The primary function of GSTM2 is to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic compounds, thereby neutralizing their reactivity and facilitating their excretion. This process is essential for cellular detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. GSTM2 is also involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics and endogenous compounds, contributing to the overall detoxification capacity of the cell .
GSTM2 plays a significant role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, where it contributes to the detoxification of harmful compounds. The enzyme’s activity is crucial for the metabolism of drugs and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause cellular damage if not properly managed .
In addition to its detoxification role, GSTM2 has been implicated in various diseases. For instance, alterations in GSTM2 expression have been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including colon adenocarcinoma . The enzyme’s role in detoxifying carcinogens suggests that it may have a protective effect against cancer development. Furthermore, GSTM2 has been linked to other conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and cranioectodermal dysplasia .
Recombinant human GSTM2 has been utilized in various research and clinical applications. The recombinant form of the enzyme is produced using genetic engineering techniques, allowing for the study of its structure, function, and potential therapeutic uses. Recombinant GSTM2 is often used in biochemical assays to investigate its role in detoxification processes and its interactions with other molecules .
In clinical research, GSTM2 has been studied for its potential as a biomarker for certain diseases. For example, changes in GSTM2 expression levels have been investigated as potential indicators of cancer risk and progression . Additionally, the enzyme’s role in drug metabolism makes it a target for studying drug interactions and potential adverse effects.
