HCC 1 Human (66 a.a.)

HCC-1 Human Recombinant (CCL14) (66 a.a.)

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Cat. No.

BT14650

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Synonyms

Small inducible cytokine A14, CCL14, Chemokine CC-1/CC-3, HCC-1/HCC-3, HCC-1(1-74), NCC-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, CC-1, CC-3, CKb1, MCIF, SY14, HCC-1, HCC-3, SCYL2, SCYA14.

Appearance

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Usage

THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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Description

Introduction to HCC-1 Human (66 a.a.)

HCC-1 (Human CC chemokine 1), also designated CCL14 or chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, is a truncated isoform of the CC chemokine family. The 66-amino acid (66 a.a.) variant represents a processed form of the full-length 74 a.a. protein, generated through N-terminal cleavage . This isoform is critical in immune regulation, exhibiting distinct biological activities compared to its full-length counterparts.

Key Properties

Property	Value	Source
Amino acid sequence	66 residues
Molecular weight	7.8 kDa
Gene location	Chromosome 17q11.2
Expression tissues	Spleen, liver, muscle, bone marrow, gut, plasma
Protein family	CC chemokines (C-C motif)

Expression Patterns:

Constitutively expressed in normal tissues, unlike inducible chemokines .
Bicistronic transcripts with CCL15 (a neighboring chemokine gene) have been identified .

Functional Activities

Activity	Target Cells	Concentration Range	Mechanism
Calcium mobilization	Monocytes	100–1,000 nM	Intracellular Ca²⁺ release
Enzyme secretion	Monocytes	100–1,000 nM	Exocytosis activation
Proliferation enhancement	CD34⁺ progenitor cells	100–1,000 nM	Myeloid lineage expansion
Chemotaxis	Monocytes, eosinophils, T-cells	10–100 nM	CCR1, CCR3, CCR5 signaling

Receptor Specificity:

Binds to CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, shared with MIP-1α and RANTES .
The 66 a.a. isoform exhibits enhanced chemotactic activity over the 74 a.a. form .

Key Research Insights

Immune Regulation:
- Modulates monocyte activation without inducing chemotaxis, suggesting a role in inflammatory homeostasis .
- Synergizes with other chemokines (e.g., MIP-1α) in progenitor cell proliferation .
Disease Relevance:
- Elevated plasma levels in chronic renal failure patients, indicating potential diagnostic utility .
- Interactions with CCR5 may link HCC-1 to viral entry or immune evasion .
Functional Comparison with Full-Length HCC-1:

Feature 74 a.a. HCC-1 66 a.a. HCC-1
Chemotaxis Inactive Active (monocytes, eosinophils, T-cells)
Receptor affinity Lower Higher (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5)
Plasma concentration 1–80 nM Present in processed forms

Feature	74 a.a. HCC-1	66 a.a. HCC-1
Chemotaxis	Inactive	Active (monocytes, eosinophils, T-cells)
Receptor affinity	Lower	Higher (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5)
Plasma concentration	1–80 nM	Present in processed forms

Product Specs

Introduction

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14), also known as HCC-1, is a small cytokine of the CC chemokine family. Initially produced as a protein precursor, it undergoes processing to become a mature, active protein. This active form comprises 74 amino acids and shares 46% amino acid similarity with CCL3 and CCL4. CCL14 is found in various tissues, including the spleen, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and gut. While it activates monocytes, it does not induce their chemotaxis. In humans, the CCL13 gene is located on chromosome 17, clustered with other CC family chemokine genes.

Description

Recombinant human HCC-1, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 66 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 7.8 kDa, HCC-1 is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Physical Appearance

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder

Formulation

The CCL14 protein solution, at a concentration in 1xPBS, pH 7.4, and 5% trehalose, was subjected to filtration through a 0.2µm filter before lyophilization.

Solubility

Reconstitute the lyophilized HCC-1 in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H2O to a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can then be diluted further into other aqueous solutions as needed.

Stability

Lyophilized HCC1 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, for long-term storage, it should be stored desiccated at temperatures below -18°C. After reconstitution, CCL14 should be stored at 4°C for no longer than 2-7 days. For future use, store below -18°C. Adding a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is recommended for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Purity

Purity exceeds 97.0%, as determined by: (a) Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis and (b) SDS-PAGE analysis.

Biological Activity

Biological activity is assessed based on the capacity to chemoattract human monocytes within a concentration range of 5.0-20.0 ng/ml.

Synonyms

Small inducible cytokine A14, CCL14, Chemokine CC-1/CC-3, HCC-1/HCC-3, HCC-1(1-74), NCC-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, CC-1, CC-3, CKb1, MCIF, SY14, HCC-1, HCC-3, SCYL2, SCYA14.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Amino Acid Sequence

GPYHPSECCF TYTTYKIPRQ RIMDYYETNS QCSKPGIVFI TKRGHSVCTN PSDKWVQDYI KDMKEN.

Q&A

Here’s a structured collection of FAQs tailored for academic researchers studying HCC-1 Human (66 a.a.), based on analysis of peer-reviewed literature and experimental methodologies:

Advanced Research Questions

How can contradictory findings about HCC-1’s role in tumorigenesis vs. immune modulation be resolved?
- Key Conflict: HCC-1 promotes monocyte recruitment (pro-tumorigenic in HCC models ) but suppresses colony formation in hematopoietic progenitors (anti-proliferative ).
- Resolution Strategy:
  - Use conditional knockout mice with HCC-1 deletion in specific cell lineages (e.g., hepatocytes vs. myeloid cells) to isolate context-dependent effects .
  - Perform transcriptomic profiling of HCC-1-exposed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to identify signaling bifurcations (e.g., IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 vs. VEGF) .
What in vivo models best recapitulate HCC-1’s dual role in immune activation and tumor progression?
- Preferred Models:
  - Humanized NSG mice engrafted with HCC-PDX tumors: Enables study of human immune cell interactions with HCC-1 in a tumor microenvironment .
  - Orthotopic HCC models: Mimics anatomical and stromal conditions for assessing metastasis .
- Limitations: Murine CCR1 may not fully replicate human receptor-ligand dynamics. Validate using xenogeneic adoptive transfer of human leukocytes .
How can researchers address variability in HCC-1 (66 a.a.) bioactivity across experimental batches?
- Standardization Protocol:
  1. Quantify endotoxin levels (<0.1 EU/μg) via LAL assay.
  2. Confirm chemoattractant potency using a reference ED50 range (0.6–3 ng/mL for BaF3 cells ).
  3. Pre-treat with protease inhibitors to prevent degradation in serum-containing media.

Methodological & Translational Challenges

What strategies improve HCC-1 (66 a.a.) stability in long-term functional studies?
- Formulation:
  - Lyophilize with carrier proteins (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to prevent aggregation .
  - Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; aliquot into single-use doses stored at -80°C.
How can HCC-1’s interaction with VEGF/STAT3 pathways be exploited for combination therapies?
- Preclinical Evidence:
  - Triple therapy targeting STAT3 (e.g., ruxolitinib), VEGF (bevacizumab), and PD-1 shows synergistic tumor suppression in humanized models .
  - Experimental Workflow:
    - Treat HCC-PDX mice with HCC-1 + anti-PD-1.
    - Quantify tumor weight, splenomegaly, and intratumoral Ki67 expression .

Data Analysis & Collaboration

What computational tools are available to map HCC-1 signaling networks in HCC?
- Tools:
  - STRING DB for protein-protein interaction networks.
  - GSEA to identify enriched pathways (e.g., TLR/NF-κB, angiogenic cytokines) in HCC-1-high tumors .
- Collaboration Framework: Partner with bioinformatics teams to integrate RNA-seq data from TCGA-LIHC with in-house chemokine receptor datasets.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

HCC-1, also known as CCL14, is a member of the CC chemokine family. Chemokines are small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells. The primary function of chemokines is to induce chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. HCC-1 is particularly known for its role in attracting monocytes, a type of white blood cell, to sites of inflammation or injury.

Gene and Protein Structure

The gene encoding HCC-1 is located on chromosome 17q11.2. This gene is part of a cluster of CC cytokine genes. The protein itself is composed of 66 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of approximately 7.8 kDa . The amino acid sequence includes four highly conserved residues typical of CC chemokines.

Expression and Secretion

HCC-1 is secreted by various tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and plasma. The protein is produced in multiple forms, distinguished by differential N-terminal truncation, resulting in variants containing 74, 72, 71, or 66 amino acid residues.

Biological Function

HCC-1 signals through the CCR1 receptor and is known to chemoattract blood monocytes. It induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes. This chemokine plays a crucial role in the immune response by directing monocytes to sites where they are needed, such as areas of tissue damage or infection.

Recombinant HCC-1

Recombinant HCC-1 is produced using an E. coli expression system . The recombinant protein is purified to a high degree, with a purity of ≥98% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses . The endotoxin concentration is kept below 1 EU/µg to ensure its suitability for research applications.

Applications in Research

Recombinant HCC-1 is widely used in research to study its role in immune response and inflammation. It is particularly useful in functional assays to investigate its ability to chemoattract human monocytes. The protein is also used to explore the signaling pathways activated by the CCR1 receptor and to understand the broader implications of chemokine signaling in health and disease.

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HCC 1 Human (66 a.a.)

Description

Introduction to HCC-1 Human (66 a.a.)

Key Properties

Expression Patterns:

Functional Activities

Receptor Specificity:

Key Research Insights

Product Specs

Q&A

Advanced Research Questions

Methodological & Translational Challenges

Data Analysis & Collaboration

Product Science Overview

Quick Inquiry

Category

Service

HCC 1 Human (66 a.a.)

Description

Introduction to HCC-1 Human (66 a.a.)

Key Properties

Expression Patterns:

Functional Activities

Receptor Specificity:

Key Research Insights

Product Specs

Q&A

Advanced Research Questions

Methodological & Translational Challenges

Data Analysis & Collaboration

Product Science Overview

Quick Inquiry

Category

Service

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