HSFA6A belongs to the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) family and functions as a transcriptional activator in ABA-dependent stress signaling pathways . Key features include:
Studies employing subcellular fractionation and transient expression assays demonstrated:
Basal state: 60-70% cytoplasmic localization in untreated protoplasts
Stress-induced nuclear translocation:
HSFA6A antibody facilitated the characterization of transgenic lines:
Overexpression (OE) lines:
Knockout mutants:
The HSFA6A antibody has been critical for:
Current gaps addressed through antibody-based research:
Conflicting data may arise from:
Stress-specific regulation: HSFA6A nuclear translocation varies with stress type (heat vs. drought) . Use subcellular fractionation + immunoblotting alongside confocal microscopy with GFP-tagged HSFA6A.
Antibody cross-reactivity: Validate with tissue-specific HSFA6A overexpression lines and epitope-mapping assays (see Table 1).
Genetic interaction studies: Combine HSFA6A mutants with ABA biosynthesis/signaling mutants (e.g., aba2, snrk2.6) under heat stress .
Transcriptome profiling: Use RNA-seq to identify HSFA6A-dependent ABA-responsive genes (e.g., HSP17.6, RBOHD) under dual stress.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP): Verify direct binding of HSFA6A to promoters of ABA/stress-related genes using validated antibodies .
Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylation at Ser/Thr residues may increase apparent MW. Treat samples with λ-phosphatase prior to Western blot .
Alternative splicing: Check for splice variants using RT-PCR with primers spanning exon-exon junctions.
Epitope characterization: Map antibody binding via truncation mutants of HSFA6A’s C-terminal domain .
Multiplex assays: Pair Western blot with qRT-PCR to correlate protein levels with HSFA6A transcript dynamics under stress.
Functional redundancy tests: Use double mutants (e.g., hsfa6a/hsfa6b) to unmask overlapping roles with paralogs .