Introduction to HIST1H3A and Its Epigenetic Significance
HIST1H3A encodes histone H3.1, a core component of nucleosomes responsible for DNA packaging and chromatin regulation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) at lysine 27 (K27) of histone H3—including acetylation (K27ac), mono- (K27me1), di- (K27me2), and tri-methylation (K27me3)—play critical roles in transcriptional regulation, heterochromatin formation, and cellular differentiation. Antibodies targeting these modifications are essential tools for studying epigenetic mechanisms.
Below is a comparative analysis of antibodies specific to HIST1H3A K27 PTMs, validated across multiple applications (e.g., Western blot [WB], chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP], immunofluorescence [IF]):
Antibody
Target
Clonality
Host
Applications
Specificity & Cross-Reactivity
Validation
ab4729
H3K27ac
Polyclonal
Rabbit
WB, IHC, IF, ChIP
Specific to acetylated K27; validated via peptide blocking and ChIP in human, mouse, and rat cells
Peptide array, WB (17 kDa band in HeLa cells), IHC (human colon)
ab192985
H3K27me3
Monoclonal
Rabbit
WB, ChIP-seq, ICC/IF
14% cross-reactivity with H3K27me2; no cross-reactivity with K27me1 or unmodified H3
ELISA, multi-tissue IHC, ChIP-seq (NIH/3T3 cells)
ab6002
H3K27me3
Monoclonal
Mouse
WB, IF
<12% cross-reactivity with H3K27me2; validated in human and mouse
ELISA against semi-synthetic peptides, WB (15 kDa band in HeLa lysates)
ab24684
H3K27me2
Polyclonal
Rabbit
WB, ChIP, ICC/IF
Specific to di-methyl K27; no cross-reactivity with K27me1 or K27me3
ChIP validation in HeLa cells (active/inactive loci)
07-448
H3K27me1
Polyclonal
Rabbit
WB, ICC, ChIP-seq
Specific to mono-methyl K27; validated in human and vertebrate models
Dot blot, ChIP-seq (ES cells), WB (17 kDa band)
ab195477
H3K27me3
Polyclonal
Rabbit
ChIP, ChIP-seq
Specific to tri-methyl K27; validated in HeLaS3 cells
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Histone H3 is a core component of the nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to cellular machinery that requires DNA as a template. Histones therefore play a crucial role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called the histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Gene References Into Functions
Studies suggest that epigenetic regulation in cancer may be mediated by inducing E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-dependent histone H3 ubiquitination. PMID: 28300060
The identification of increased expression of H3K27me3 during a patient's clinical course can aid in determining whether tumors are heterochronous. PMID: 29482987
Research indicates that JMJD5, a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein, acts as a Cathepsin L-type protease that mediates histone H3 N-tail proteolytic cleavage under stress conditions causing a DNA damage response. PMID: 28982940
Evidence suggests that the Ki-67 antigen proliferative index has significant limitations and phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) is an alternative proliferative marker. PMID: 29040195
Findings indicate that cytokine-induced histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation serves as a mechanism that stabilizes gene silencing in macrophages. PMID: 27653678
This data reveals that in the early developing human brain, HIST1H3B comprises the largest proportion of H3.1 transcripts among H3.1 isoforms. PMID: 27251074
A series of 47 diffuse midline gliomas demonstrated that the histone H3-K27M mutation was mutually exclusive with IDH1-R132H mutation and EGFR amplification, rarely co-occurred with BRAF-V600E mutation, and was frequently associated with p53 overexpression, ATRX loss, and monosomy 10. PMID: 26517431
Data demonstrate that the histone chaperone HIRA co-localizes with viral genomes, binds to incoming viral and deposits histone H3.3 onto these. PMID: 28981850
Experiments have shown that PHF13 binds specifically to DNA and to two types of histone H3 methyl tags (lysine 4-tri-methyl or lysine 4-di-methyl) where it functions as a transcriptional co-regulator. PMID: 27223324
Hemi-methylated CpGs DNA recognition activates UHRF1 ubiquitylation towards multiple lysines on the H3 tail adjacent to the UHRF1 histone-binding site. PMID: 27595565
This research presents, for the first time, the MR imaging features of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation. PMID: 28183840
Approximately 30% of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG) including GBM and DIPG harbor a lysine 27 mutation (K27M) in histone 3.3 (H3.3) which is correlated with poor outcome and was shown to influence EZH2 function. PMID: 27135271
H3F3A K27M mutation in adult cerebellar HGG is not uncommon. PMID: 28547652
Data reveal that lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a histone modifier enzyme that removes trimethylated lysine 4 (K4) in histone H3 (H3K4me3) through an amino-oxidase reaction. PMID: 27735137
Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation was most prevalent when the Dbf4 transcription level was highest whereas the H3K9me3 level was greatest during and just after replication. PMID: 27341472
The SPOP-containing complex regulates SETD2 stability and H3K36me3-coupled alternative splicing. PMID: 27614073
Research suggests that binding of the helical tail of histone 3 (H3) with PHD ('plant homeodomain') fingers of BAZ2A or BAZ2B (bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A or 2B) requires molecular recognition of secondary structure motifs within the H3 tail and could represent an additional layer of regulation in epigenetic processes. PMID: 28341809
Results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which Kdm4d regulates DNA replication by reducing the H3K9me3 level to facilitate formation of the preinitiation complex. PMID: 27679476
Histone H3 modifications caused by traffic-derived airborne particulate matter exposures in leukocytes. PMID: 27918982
A key role of persistent histone H3 serine 10 or serine 28 phosphorylation in chemical carcinogenesis through regulating gene transcription of DNA damage response genes. PMID: 27996159
hTERT promoter mutations are frequent in medulloblastoma and are associated with older patients, prone to recurrence and located in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Conversely, histone 3 mutations do not seem to be present in medulloblastoma. PMID: 27694758
AS1eRNA-driven DNA looping and activating histone modifications promote the expression of DHRS4-AS1 to economically control the DHRS4 gene cluster. PMID: 26864944
Data suggest that nuclear antigen Sp100C is a multifaceted histone H3 methylation and phosphorylation sensor. PMID: 27129259
The authors propose that histone H3 threonine 118 phosphorylation via Aurora-A alters the chromatin structure during specific phases of mitosis to promote timely condensin I and cohesin disassociation, which is essential for effective chromosome segregation. PMID: 26878753
Hemi-methylated DNA opens a closed conformation of UHRF1 to facilitate its H3 histone recognition. PMID: 27045799
Functional importance of H3K9me3 in hypoxia, apoptosis, and repression of APAK. PMID: 25961932
Taken together, the authors confirmed that histone H3 is a real substrate for GzmA in vivo in the Raji cells treated by staurosporin. PMID: 26032366
Research indicates that circulating H3 levels correlate with mortality in sepsis patients and inversely correlate with antithrombin levels and platelet counts. PMID: 26232351
Data demonstrate that double mutations on the residues in the interface (L325A/D328A) decrease the histone H3 H3K4me2/3 demethylation activity of lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B). PMID: 24952722
Data suggest that minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) binding is not required for incorporation of histone H3.1-H4 into chromatin but is important for the stability of H3.1-H4. PMID: 26167883
Data suggest that histone H3 lysine methylation (H3K4me3) plays a crucial role in leukemia stem cell (LSC) maintenance. PMID: 26190263
PIP5K1A modulates ribosomal RNA gene silencing through its interaction with histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and heterochromatin protein HP1-alpha. PMID: 26157143
Data indicate that lower-resolution mass spectrometry instruments can be utilized for histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) analysis. PMID: 25325711
Research suggests that inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 activity prevented IL-1beta-induced histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylation at the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) promoter. PMID: 24886859
The authors report that de novo CENP-A assembly and kinetochore formation on human centromeric alphoid DNA arrays is regulated by a histone H3K9 acetyl/methyl balance. PMID: 22473132