HOPX Antibody
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Description
Introduction
The HOPX antibody is a research tool used to detect and study the Homeodomain-only protein (HOPX), an atypical transcriptional regulator involved in diverse cellular processes. Unlike conventional homeodomain proteins, HOPX lacks DNA-binding residues and instead modulates gene expression by interacting with co-factors such as serum response factor (SRF) and recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) . This antibody is critical for investigating HOPX’s roles in cardiac development, immune regulation, and cancer biology.
Applications in Research
A. Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis
HOPX antibodies have been used to study cardiac hypertrophy induced by antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). ARV-treated cardiomyocytes show increased HOPX expression, linked to epigenetic modifications via HDAC recruitment . Proteintech’s 11419-1-AP antibody confirmed HOPX’s role in murine models of cardiac dilation and fibrosis .
B. T Cell Regulation
In immunology, HOPX antibodies (e.g., Boster’s A05019) revealed HOPXb as a dominant isoform suppressing T cell proliferation by inhibiting MYC and NR4A1 expression . Overexpression of HOPXb via lentiviral transduction reduced T cell activation in Jurkat cells, validated by CFSE assays .
C. Tumor Suppression
HOPX antibodies demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Overexpression of HOPX inhibited OSCC/NPC cell proliferation and migration, confirmed by RNAseq and plating efficiency assays .
Validation and Technical Details
Antigen Retrieval: TE buffer (pH 9.0) or citrate buffer (pH 6.0) recommended for IHC .
Research Implications
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Cardiovascular Disease: Manipulating HOPX expression via HDAC inhibitors (e.g., Trichostatin A) may mitigate ARV-induced cardiotoxicity .
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Immune Aging: Higher HOPX levels in aged T cells correlate with reduced proliferation, suggesting therapeutic targets for enhancing immune responses .
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Cancer Therapy: HOPX’s tumor-suppressive role in HNSCC highlights its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target .
Product Specs
Buffer
PBS with 0.1% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your order within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchasing method or location. Please contact your local distributor for specific delivery details.
Synonyms
CAMEO antibody; heart odd homeobox 1 protein antibody; HOD antibody; Homeodomain-only protein antibody; HOP antibody; HOP homeobox antibody; HOP_HUMAN antibody; HOPX antibody; LAGY antibody; Lung cancer-associated Y protein antibody; NECC1 antibody; Not expressed in choriocarcinoma clone 1 antibody; Not expressed in choriocarcinoma protein 1 antibody; OB1 antibody; odd homeobox 1 protein antibody; Odd homeobox protein 1 antibody; OTTHUMP00000158970 antibody; SMAP31 antibody; TOTO antibody
Target Names
HOPX
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
HOPX (Homeobox protein) is an atypical homeodomain protein that does not bind DNA. It plays a critical role in modulating cardiac growth and development. HOPX interacts with Serum Response Factor (SRF) to regulate the expression of SRF-dependent cardiac-specific genes, thereby influencing cardiac development. It can prevent SRF-dependent transcription by either inhibiting SRF's binding to DNA or by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which suppress transcription mediated by SRF. Overexpression of HOPX leads to cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, HOPX has been implicated as a potential tumor suppressor. It functions as a co-chaperone for the HSPA1A and HSPA1B chaperone proteins, assisting in chaperone-mediated protein refolding.
Gene References Into Functions
- Studies suggest that HOPX acts as a tumor suppressor by epigenetically regulating the transcription of Snail family transcription factors (SNAIL). It also serves as a prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis and a potential therapeutic target for NPC treatment. PMID: 28146149
- HOPX functions as a tumor suppressor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and plays a central role in suppressing epithelial carcinogenesis. PMID: 27934959
- The interaction between the MEEVD C-terminal peptide from Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and the tetratricopeptide repeat A (TPR2A) domain of the Heat Shock Organizing Protein (Hop) provides a valuable model for studying the fundamental molecular details of the Hop-Hsp90 interaction. Binding induces conformational changes in both the peptide and the protein receptor. The binding free energy is 8.4 kcal/mol. PMID: 28723223
- HOPX is functionally regulated by SCL (stem cell leukemia) in hematoendothelial differentiation of mesoderm progenitor cells. PMID: 28813672
- HOPX is a distinct homeobox gene with significant clinical and biological implications. Its expression is a strong predictor of prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. PMID: 28341738
- HOPX plays a role in the pathogenesis of skin cancers and skin diseases. PMID: 27017330
- Research suggests that disrupting the PrP(C)-HOP complex could be a potential therapeutic target for modulating migratory and invasive cellular properties leading to metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC). PMID: 27112151
- HOPX promoter methylation is not only frequent and cancer-specific but is also associated with an aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. PMID: 27756570
- Computational analysis identified HOPX as a potential driver of ovarian carcinogenesis. PMID: 27287041
- Results indicate that HOPX may contribute to the pathogenesis or manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a modifier gene. PMID: 25036325
- Data demonstrate that binding of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90) requires prior binding of Hop protein to Hsp90. PMID: 26286954
- HOPX is methylated and exerts a tumor-suppressive function through Ras-induced senescence in human lung cancer. PMID: 25345926
- GATA6 and HOPX are crucial nodes in a lineage-selective pathway that directly connects effectors of airway epithelial specification to the inhibition of metastasis in the lung Adenocarcinoma (ADC) subtype. PMID: 23707782
- HOPX-beta promoter methylation is a frequent and cancer-specific event in CRC progression. PMID: 22904674
- Knockdown of Hop resulted in a decrease in the level of RhoC GTPase and significantly inhibited pseudopodia formation in Hs578T cells. These findings suggest that Hop regulates directional cell migration through multiple yet unidentified mechanisms. PMID: 23036489
- HOPX/Hopx expression is reduced in multiple instances of human and murine cardiac hypertrophy and failure. PMID: 21382376
- Research identifies distinct functions for the Hop co-chaperone, revealing an asymmetric mechanism for Hsp90 regulation and client loading. PMID: 21700222
- HOP is a novel modulator of late terminal differentiation in keratinocytes. PMID: 21256618
- Hopx regulates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and survival regulation, making them resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis. PMID: 21061432
- HOPX-beta promoter methylation is a frequent and cancer-specific event in gastric cancer. PMID: 20228841
- HOPX is modulated by cell differentiation in human keratinocytes, which may contribute to keratinocyte homeostasis by controlling differentiation-dependent genes. PMID: 20226564
- Loss of NECC1 expression is involved in malignant conversion of placental trophoblasts. PMID: 12573257
- Gene mapping locates LAGY on chromosome 4q11-13.1. In 72 primary lung tumors, this gene was significantly down-regulated compared to 9 normal lung tissue samples. PMID: 12759545
- One function of Hop is to modify the expression of cardiac-specific genes, thereby finely regulating heart development. PMID: 14522464
- A decrease in homeodomain-only protein is associated with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 15213722
- SMAP31 expression is elevated in 4 out of 6 papillary thyroid tumor samples compared to 4 normal thyroid controls. PMID: 15307938
- Loss of NECC1 expression is involved in malignant conversion of placental trophoblasts. PMID: 15457851
- Research demonstrates that the homeodomain fold has been co-opted during evolution for functions beyond sequence-specific DNA binding, suggesting that HOP functions as an adaptor protein mediating transcriptional repression. PMID: 16939210
- Data indicate that signaling induced by hop/STI-1 depends on endocytosis. PMID: 17498662
- Gradual induction of HOP/NECC1 in response to differentiation stimuli may lead to the decision to differentiate into a particular type of trophoblastic cell lineage and result in non-lethal defects. PMID: 17576768
- HOP is a putative tumor suppressor gene exhibiting tumor inhibitory activity. PMID: 18234960
- HOP may function as a tumor suppressor in a subset of glioblastomas, suggesting that HOP function is critical in the adult brain, particularly in regions of ongoing plasticity, and its deregulation could contribute to disease. PMID: 18507846
- Transcriptional silencing of HOPX arises from hypermethylation of the HOP promoter, which leads to the development of human uterine endometrial cancers (HEC). PMID: 19173292
Database Links
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed. Expressed in the heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal and smooth muscles, uterus, urinary bladder, kidney and spleen. Down-regulated in some types of cancer such as lung cancer, choriocarcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma an
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