HPCAL1 Antibody
Description
Definition and Basic Characteristics of HPCAL1 Antibody
HPCAL1 Antibody is a polyclonal antibody designed to specifically target the Hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) protein. It is primarily used in research to study HPCAL1’s role in cellular processes, including calcium signaling, neuronal development, and cancer progression. Below is a detailed breakdown of its technical specifications:
Key Applications of HPCAL1 Antibody in Research
The antibody is instrumental in studying HPCAL1’s involvement in diverse biological pathways and disease models:
Detection in Neuronal and Cancer Studies
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Neurological Research: HPCAL1 is implicated in calcium signaling and synaptic plasticity. The antibody aids in mapping its expression in neuronal tissues .
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Cancer Biology:
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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA): HPCAL1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor features (e.g., lymph node invasion, high TNM stage) . IHC staining with this antibody has validated its prognostic utility in CCA patient cohorts .
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Glioblastoma: HPCAL1 promotes tumor proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, as demonstrated by immunoblotting and knockdown experiments .
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Liver Cancer: Studies using HPCAL1 antibody in IHC reveal its role in lipid metabolism regulation and resistance to mTOR inhibitors .
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Functional Validation
The antibody is employed to confirm HPCAL1 knockdown or overexpression in cell lines. For example:
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Ferroptosis Studies: HPCAL1 knockdown (via shRNA) reduces RSL3/erastin-induced cell death in HT-1080 and Calu-1 cells, with antibody-based validation of protein depletion .
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Protein Interaction Analysis: Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with HPCAL1 antibody identifies interaction partners like CDH2/N-cadherin, a substrate degraded via HPCAL1-mediated autophagy .
Prognostic Biomarker Potential
In CCA, high HPCAL1 expression (detected via IHC) is linked to:
Mechanistic Insights
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Autophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis: HPCAL1 promotes ferroptotic cell death by degrading CDH2, which compromises membrane integrity. Antibody-based assays confirm CDH2 downregulation in HPCAL1-overexpressing cells .
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Pathway Involvement:
Limitations and Future Directions
While HPCAL1 antibody has advanced research into its biological roles, challenges remain:
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Specificity Concerns: Cross-reactivity with paralogs (e.g., hippocalcin) requires stringent validation.
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Clinical Translation: Further studies are needed to assess its diagnostic utility beyond research settings.
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
The following studies provide insights into the function of HPCAL1 and related visinin-like proteins (VILIPs), highlighting their involvement in various cellular processes and potential disease implications.
- Structural analysis of myristoylated VILIP-3 reveals unique structural characteristics. (PMID: 27820860)
- Significantly reduced secreted HPCAL1 plasma levels observed in hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to controls. (PMID: 26659654)
- N-myristoylation significantly enhances the kinetics of VILIP membrane adsorption in the presence of calcium. (PMID: 25019684)
- HPCAL1 exhibited negligible influence on WT PHOX2B activity. (PMID: 23873030)
- Demonstration of a calcium-dependent interaction between visinin-like protein-3 and microsomal cytochrome b5. (PMID: 14739275)
- Investigation of the interaction of human VILIP1 and VILIP3 with divalent cations using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. (PMID: 16703469)
- Reduced VILIP-3 immunostaining observed in Alzheimer's disease brains, with immunoreactive material found near amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. (PMID: 11173883)
