HPN Antibody, HRP conjugated
Description
Introduction to HPN Antibody, HRP Conjugated
HPN Antibody, HRP conjugated, is a specific immunological reagent designed for detecting the hepsin (HPN) protein, a type II transmembrane serine protease involved in physiological processes such as blood coagulation, cell growth, and tumor progression. The conjugation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to this antibody enhances its utility in enzymatic assays, enabling amplified signal detection in techniques like ELISA, Western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Enzymatic Amplification via HRP
HRP conjugation enables the antibody to bind target antigens while catalyzing oxidation reactions with substrates like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), producing detectable signals. This amplifies sensitivity, particularly in low-abundance target detection .
Validated Applications
Conjugation Methodology
HRP conjugation to antibodies typically involves cross-linking reagents (e.g., sodium periodate or sulfo-SMCC) to form stable bonds between the enzyme and antibody . For HPN Antibody, the conjugation process likely follows established protocols:
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Activation: HRP is oxidized to generate aldehyde groups.
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Binding: Antibody amines react with HRP aldehydes.
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Purification: Excess HRP is removed to ensure monovalent binding .
A modified lyophilization step has been shown to enhance conjugation efficiency by increasing HRP-antibody interactions, as demonstrated in studies using periodate activation .
Performance and Sensitivity
The HRP-conjugated HPN Antibody exhibits high specificity and sensitivity due to:
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Signal Amplification: Multiple HRP molecules per antibody enhance enzymatic activity .
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Poly-HRP Conjugates: Some protocols enable binding of multiple HRP molecules to a single antibody, further boosting signal intensity .
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Stability: Lyophilized HRP-antibody conjugates maintain enzymatic activity when stored at 4°C .
For example, a study comparing classical vs. modified conjugation methods showed improved sensitivity (dilutions up to 1:5000 vs. 1:25) with lyophilized HRP-antibody complexes .
Comparison of HRP-Conjugated Antibody Features
Limitations and Considerations
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Research indicates that Hepsin is downregulated in 78% of gastric cancer cases. Its high expression is often associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings suggest that hepsin protein expression is a significant and independent prognostic factor for overall survival in Gastric Cancer. PMID: 27841306
- Genetic variations in or near the gene encoding for hepsin protein may influence the risk of bipolar disorder. Moreover, the rs62122114-A allele may have a functional impact, as evidenced by differential expression of serum HPN protein. PMID: 28886448
- A significant negative association has been observed between hepsin expression in endometrial carcinoma cases and the grade, size, and myometrial invasion of tumors. PMID: 26990747
- Data has shown that the membrane-bound serine protease hepsin is the enzyme responsible for the physiological cleavage of uromodulin. PMID: 26673890
- The Hepsin pathway works in conjunction with the Wnt pathway to promote prostate cancer progression. PMID: 26139199
- Low expression levels of hepsin and TMPRSS3 are associated with poor breast cancer survival. PMID: 26014348
- Hepsin suppressed CDK11p58 internal ribosome entry site activity in prostate cancer cells by modulating UNR expression and eIF-2alpha phosphorylation. PMID: 25576733
- Studies in Korean men suggest that some polymorphisms in the HPN gene may be associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer. PMID: 22665141
- Hepsin expression is often upregulated in breast cancer tissues and is associated with tumor growth and progression. PMID: 21383634
- Research indicates that the MSP/RON signaling pathway may be regulated by hepsin in tissue homeostasis and in disease pathologies, such as in cancer and immune disorders. PMID: 21875933
- Elevated levels of hepsin can interfere with cell adhesion and viability in the context of prostate cancer and other tissue types, depending on the specific microenvironment. PMID: 21750652
- Hepsin activity was inhibited by anthralin and increased by resveratrol. PMID: 20673210
- Germline genetic variation of HPN does not appear to contribute to the risk or prognosis of prostate cancer. PMID: 20166135
- Hepsin activates prostasin and cleaves the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor. PMID: 19911255
- Hepsin and maspin are inversely expressed in laser capture microdissectioned prostate cancer. PMID: 12629351
- Hepsin is functionally linked to the hepatocyte growth factor/MET pathway, which may contribute to prostate cancer progression. PMID: 15792801
- A major 11-locus haplotype is significantly associated with prostate cancer, suggesting that HPN is a potentially important candidate gene involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. PMID: 16783571
- Hepsin's ability to efficiently activate pro-uPA suggests that it may initiate plasmin-mediated proteolytic pathways at the tumor/stroma interface, leading to basement membrane disruption and tumor progression. PMID: 16908524
- Research suggests that the balance between hepsin and its inhibitor, HAI-2, may have prognostic value in RCC. PMID: 17309599
- An analysis of common variations using tag SNP in the HPN and LTBP4 genes was conducted in 390 patients and 642 controls in the Dutch population. PMID: 18487557
- Hepsin exhibits potential inhibitory effects mediated by the induction of 14-3-3sigma expression, which leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. PMID: 18698500
- Ln-332 may be one mechanism by which hepsin promotes prostate tumor progression and metastasis, possibly by upregulating prostate cancer cell motility. PMID: 18784072
