IFNAR2 forms a heterodimeric receptor with IFNAR1 to mediate signaling of type I interferons (IFN-α/β). This receptor complex activates JAK-STAT pathways, driving antiviral and antibacterial immune responses . Key functions include:
Viral immunity: IFNAR2 deficiency in mice increases susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV), accelerating morbidity and viral burden .
Bacterial superinfection regulation: IFNAR2 modulates post-influenza susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infections, with timing-dependent effects .
Human pathology: Rare IFNAR2 deficiencies in humans correlate with severe viral encephalitis but preserved control of herpesviruses, suggesting compensatory mechanisms .
Influenza:
COVID-19:
IFNAR2 deficiency reduces susceptibility to late-phase S. aureus superinfection post-IAV, linked to enhanced neutrophil recruitment .
Neutralization: Clone MMHAR-2 blocks IFN-α/β binding to IFNAR2, validating its role in viral inhibition .
Mechanistic studies: Antibodies like E7R3A reveal IFNAR2’s molecular weight (40–100 kDa) and tissue-specific expression in murine models .
Clinical correlations: Reduced IFNAR2 expression in COVID-19 patients underscores its prognostic value .