IL21 Canine
Description
Introduction to IL21 Canine
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a 14 kDa four-helix-bundle cytokine critical for immune regulation in mammals. In canine systems, IL-21 shares 75% amino acid sequence identity with human IL-21, 66% with mouse, and 64% with rat IL-21, reflecting conserved evolutionary roles . It is produced by activated T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, Th17 cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells, acting through a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising the common γ-chain (γc) and IL-21-specific receptor (IL-21R) .
Role in Humoral and Cellular Immunity
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B Cell Activation: IL-21 enhances immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses .
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T Cell Regulation:
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NK Cell Modulation: Enhances cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production in activated NK cells while suppressing resting NK cell expansion .
Anti-Tumor Mechanisms
A 2023 study demonstrated that canine B cells activated with IL-21 and anti-B cell receptor (BCR):
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Secreted Granzyme B and TRAIL: Directly induced apoptosis in GL-1 leukemia cells .
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Reduced Tumor Viability: Co-culture with activated B cells decreased GL-1 cell viability by 40–60% .
Polymyositis in Kooiker Dogs
A 39 kb deletion upstream of the IL21/IL2 locus is strongly linked to polymyositis in Dutch Kooiker dogs:
This dysregulation highlights IL-21’s role in autoimmune inflammation, mirroring human conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus .
Research Applications and Tools
The AF5849 antibody (sheep anti-canine IL-21) neutralizes IL-21 bioactivity with an ND₅₀ of 2–10 µg/mL in T cell proliferation assays .
Product Specs
Interleukin-21.
Escherichia Coli.
MHKSSFQEQD LLLIRMRQLI DIVDQLKNYV NDLDPESLPA PEDVKRHCER SAFSCFQKVQ LKAANTGGNE QIINVLTKQL KRKLPPTNAG RRQKHRPACP SCDSYEKAPP KEFLERLKSL IQKMIHQHLS
Product Science Overview
Recombinant Canine IL-21 is produced using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the expression host. The recombinant protein typically includes an N-terminal methionine and spans from His18 to Ser146 . The molecular mass of the recombinant canine IL-21 is approximately 15 kDa, and it is purified to a high degree, often exceeding 95% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE .
IL-21 has significant immunoregulatory activity. It enhances the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells, with an effective dose (ED50) of around 8 ng/mL . This cytokine is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and NK cells, making it a critical component in both innate and adaptive immunity .
Recombinant Canine IL-21 is used in various research applications, including:
The recombinant protein is typically lyophilized and can be reconstituted in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline). It is stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20°C to -70°C. After reconstitution, it should be stored under sterile conditions at 2°C to 8°C for up to one month or at -20°C to -70°C for up to three months .
