Interleukin 2 Antibody
Description
Definition and Mechanism of Action
Interleukin-2 antibodies are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designed to bind IL-2, altering its interaction with IL-2 receptors (IL-2Rs). IL-2 signals via two receptor types:
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High-affinity trimeric receptors (CD25/CD122/CD132): Expressed constitutively on regulatory T cells (Tregs).
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Intermediate-affinity dimeric receptors (CD122/CD132): Found on natural killer (NK) cells and memory CD8⁺ T cells .
IL-2 antibodies achieve functional selectivity through two primary strategies:
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Immune complex (IC) formation: Antibodies like JES6-1 or S4B6 bind IL-2, sterically blocking specific receptor-binding epitopes. For example:
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Fusion proteins: Covalent linkage of IL-2 to an anti-IL-2 mAb (e.g., MAB602) enhances pharmacokinetics and cell-type specificity .
Therapeutic Applications
IL-2 antibodies are investigated for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplantation due to their ability to modulate immune tolerance and activation.
Table 1: Key Therapeutic Applications of IL-2 Antibodies
Autoimmunity and Tolerance
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Low-dose IL-2 (Ld-IL-2): Subcutaneous administration (1–1.5 million IU) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased Tregs by 2.5-fold and achieved 66.7% ACR20 response versus 26.7% with placebo .
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IL-2/JES6-1 ICs: In collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models, these complexes reduced synovial inflammation by 60% and doubled Treg suppressive activity .
Cancer Immunotherapy
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IL-2/S4B6 ICs: Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity and CD8⁺ T cell proliferation, leading to >80% tumor regression in melanoma models .
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Single-agent fusion proteins: Covalent IL-2/antibody constructs (e.g., IL-2-MAB602) prolonged serum half-life (>48 hours vs. 2 hours for free IL-2) and reduced pulmonary edema risk .
Table 2: Pharmacokinetic Properties of IL-2 Antibody Constructs
Future Directions and Challenges
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Bias engineering: Developing antibodies that allosterically modulate IL-2/receptor interfaces to fine-tune effector vs. Treg responses .
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Disease-specific formulations: Tailoring ICs for conditions like type 1 diabetes or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where Treg deficits drive pathology .
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Combination therapies: Pairing IL-2 antibodies with checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1) to overcome tumor resistance .
Product Specs
T-cell growth factor (TCGF), Interleukin-2, Lymphokine, IL-2.
Product Science Overview
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response. It is primarily produced by activated CD4+ T cells and is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. The rat anti-mouse IL-2 antibody is a monoclonal antibody used in research to study the function and regulation of IL-2 in mouse models.
IL-2 is a key regulator of the immune system. It induces cell cycle progression in resting cells and allows for the clonal expansion of activated T cells . IL-2 is also involved in the activation and proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells, which are critical for the body’s defense against infections and tumors .
The rat anti-mouse IL-2 antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to mouse IL-2. This antibody is used in various immunological assays to detect and quantify IL-2 levels in mouse samples. It is also used in functional studies to block or neutralize IL-2 activity, allowing researchers to investigate the role of IL-2 in immune responses.
- Immunoassays: The rat anti-mouse IL-2 antibody is commonly used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry to measure IL-2 levels in biological samples.
- Functional Studies: By blocking IL-2 activity, researchers can study the effects of IL-2 on T cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production.
- In Vivo Studies: The antibody is used in animal models to investigate the role of IL-2 in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and cancer.
IL-2 has been explored as a therapeutic agent in cancer immunotherapy due to its ability to stimulate the immune system. However, its clinical use is limited by its short half-life and the activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which can suppress the immune response . Researchers are working on engineering IL-2 variants and developing combination therapies to enhance its efficacy and reduce side effects.
