KLK3 Antibody
Description
Introduction to KLK3 Antibody
KLK3 antibody is a targeted immunological reagent designed to detect and analyze the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), also known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). KLK3 is a serine protease primarily expressed in prostate epithelial cells, where it plays a critical role in seminal fluid liquefaction . In clinical settings, elevated serum PSA levels are a hallmark biomarker for prostate cancer diagnostics . The antibody is utilized in immunological assays to study KLK3’s dual role in angiogenesis regulation and its implications in oncology .
Applications in Research and Diagnostics
KLK3 antibodies are pivotal in:
Cancer Research
-
Prostate cancer detection: IHC using antibodies like 60338-1-Ig identifies KLK3 expression in prostate cancer tissues .
-
Angiogenesis studies: KLK3’s dual role in inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation (via proteolytic activity) and activating pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF-C/D) is studied using WB and IF .
Diagnostic Assays
Dual Role in Angiogenesis
KLK3 exhibits context-dependent effects:
-
Anti-angiogenic activity: Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation via proteolytic cleavage of growth factors (e.g., VEGF, FGF-2) .
-
Pro-angiogenic activation: Cleaves VEGF-C/D, enhancing lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis .
Therapeutic Implications
-
Radioimmunotherapy: The hu5A10 antibody targets free PSA for alpha (225Ac) or beta (90Y) radionuclide delivery, showing efficacy in LNCaP-AR xenograft models .
-
Biomarker Variability: Genetic polymorphisms in KLK3 (e.g., rs1058205 in the 3′UTR) correlate with altered serum PSA levels, impacting diagnostic accuracy .
ImmunoPET and Radioimmunotherapy
The hu5A10 antibody enables precise imaging and treatment:
-
PET Imaging: 89Zr-labeled hu5A10 visualizes KLK3-expressing tumors in transgenic KLK3_Hi-MYC mice .
-
Therapeutic Efficacy: 225Ac-hu5A10 demonstrates tumor regression in LNCaP-AR models, with significant time-to-progression delays .
Genetic Variations and Biomarker Implications
Polymorphisms in KLK2 and KLK3 genes influence PSA levels:
| SNP | Location | Effect on PSA Levels | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs1058205 | 3′UTR (KLK3) | Lower total PSA, higher %free PSA | |
| rs198977 | Promoter (KLK2) | 4–7× higher hK2 levels in seminal plasma |
These variants highlight the need for personalized diagnostics in prostate cancer .
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Kallikrein-3, also known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is a serine protease enzyme encoded by the KLK3 gene. It is a member of the human tissue kallikrein family, which consists of 15 serine proteases. PSA is predominantly produced by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and is secreted into the seminal plasma in high concentrations. It plays a crucial role in the liquefaction of semen by cleaving semenogelins, which are major gel-forming proteins in the seminal fluid.
Kallikrein-3 is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 28-34 kDa. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen and undergoes proteolytic cleavage to become an active enzyme. The active form of PSA exhibits chymotrypsin-like activity, which is essential for its role in semen liquefaction. PSA is also involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, which may facilitate the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
PSA is widely used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can indicate the presence of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. PSA testing is commonly used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools, such as digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate biopsy, to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis.
Mouse anti-human kallikrein-3 antibodies are monoclonal antibodies generated by immunizing mice with human PSA. These antibodies are highly specific to human PSA and are used in various research and diagnostic applications. They can be used in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect and quantify PSA levels in biological samples.
Mouse anti-human kallikrein-3 antibodies are valuable tools in prostate cancer research. They are used to study the expression and regulation of PSA in prostate cancer cells and tissues. These antibodies can also be employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PSA’s role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Additionally, they are used in the development of PSA-based diagnostic assays and therapeutic strategies.
