L1R Antibody
Description
Definition and Biological Role of L1R Protein
The L1R protein is a myristoylated, type I transmembrane protein located on the intracellular mature virion (IMV) membrane. It plays dual roles:
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Virion assembly: Myristoylation at the N-terminal glycine enables membrane anchoring, essential for viral particle maturation .
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Viral entry: Antibodies against L1R block post-attachment steps of IMV entry into host cells .
Structurally, L1R contains:
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A 185-residue ectodomain with four α-helices and two β-sheets stabilized by three disulfide bonds .
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A hydrophobic cavity shielding the myristate moiety, critical for conformational stability .
Mechanism of L1R Antibody Neutralization
L1R antibodies primarily target conformational epitopes dependent on disulfide bonds. Key mechanisms include:
Epitope Recognition
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7D11: Binds loops 1 and 2, disrupting viral membrane fusion .
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tPA-L1R constructs: Enhance surface expression, increasing neutralizing antibody titers by 200-fold compared to wild-type L1R .
Vaccine Development
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DNA vaccines: Gene-gun delivery of tPA-L1R DNA induced geometric mean titers (GMT) of 489 after two doses, compared to undetectable responses with unmodified L1R .
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Multicomponent vaccines: Co-administration with A33R and B5R improved survival rates to 100% in murine models .
Therapeutic Applications
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Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs): Engineered sdAbs achieved detection limits of 4 × 10⁵ PFU/mL in viral assays, outperforming conventional antibodies .
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Cross-reactivity: L1R antibodies show 94% homology between monkeypox (M1R) and vaccinia L1R, enabling broad orthopoxvirus neutralization .
Challenges and Limitations
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Non-neutralizing antibodies: Some L1R vaccines induce antibodies targeting non-protective linear epitopes (e.g., VMC-4, VMC-35), reducing efficacy .
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Durability: Antibody titers wane without boosters, necessitating repeated immunizations in primate models .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
The L1R antibody is generated through a process of immunizing a rabbit with recombinant vaccinia virus L1R (amino acids 2-183). This immunization stimulates the rabbit's B lymphocytes to produce specific IgG antibodies. The polyclonal L1R antibody is then meticulously purified from the rabbit's serum using protein G techniques. The functionality of this L1R antibody has been rigorously validated in both ELISA and Western Blot (WB) assays. This L1R antibody is capable of recognizing and reacting with the vaccinia virus L1R protein.
L1R, a myristylated late gene product of the vaccinia virus, plays a crucial role in the formation of infectious intracellular mature virions (IMV). The L1R gene encodes the L1 protein, which is found on the surface of IMVs and beneath the envelope of the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). L1 is also implicated in the infection process, as antibodies targeting L1 have been shown to effectively inhibit the virus's entry into host cells in its IMV form.
Target Background
L1R is an envelope protein that likely plays a significant role in the virus's entry into the host cell. It is suspected to be involved in the virus's attachment to the host cell surface and interacts with the entry/fusion complex (EFC). L1R is essential for the fusion and penetration of the virus core into the host cell.
