lrrc42 Antibody

What is LRRC42 and why is it significant in cancer research?

LRRC42 (Leucine-rich repeat containing 42) is a protein that has been identified as significantly overexpressed in multiple cancer types compared to normal tissues. According to comprehensive RNA-seq analyses from TCGA database, LRRC42 shows elevated expression in bladder cancer (BLCA), breast cancer (BRCA), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colorectal cancer (COAD), esophageal cancer (ESCA), glioblastoma (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) . Interestingly, it appears downregulated in kidney chromophobe (KICH) and thyroid carcinoma (THCA) .

Functional studies have demonstrated that LRRC42 plays essential roles in maintaining cancer cell viability, with knockdown experiments showing "drastic suppression of cancer cell growth" . This makes it particularly valuable as a potential therapeutic target, especially since it is "only scarcely expressed in adult normal organs," suggesting interventions could have "minimal adverse effect" .

What are the typical research applications for LRRC42 antibodies?

LRRC42 antibodies serve multiple critical research functions:

• Expression analysis: Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA for detecting LRRC42 protein in various cancer and normal tissues

• Diagnostic development: Enabling research into LRRC42 as a biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring

• Therapeutic target validation: Supporting studies that establish LRRC42's role in cancer progression

• Mechanistic investigations: Facilitating research into LRRC42's interactions with other molecules such as GATAD2B

• Single-cell studies: Allowing identification of LRRC42-expressing cell subpopulations within the tumor microenvironment

What technical specifications should researchers consider when selecting LRRC42 antibodies?

When selecting an LRRC42 antibody for research applications, consider these key specifications:

Validated cell lines for positive controls include MCF-7, A549, HCT116, and Colo320 whole cell lysates . When possible, use antibodies validated with recombinant LRRC42 protein to ensure specificity.

How should researchers design experiments to study LRRC42's role in cancer progression?

Experimental design for LRRC42 studies should include:

• Expression analysis across cancer types:

  • Compare LRRC42 levels between tumor and matched normal tissues using RNA-seq and protein detection methods

  • Analyze expression in relation to clinical parameters (stage, grade, patient survival)

  • Employ single-cell RNA sequencing to identify specific cell populations expressing LRRC42

• Loss-of-function studies:

  • Use siRNA-mediated knockdown targeting specific sequences (as referenced in patent WO2012023286A1)

  • Employ CRISPR-Cas9 for complete knockout of LRRC42

  • Measure effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival

• Mechanistic investigations:

  • Study LRRC42's interaction with GATAD2B using co-immunoprecipitation

  • Investigate relationships with epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules, autophagy-related factors, and pyroptosis-related molecules

  • Analyze LRRC42's impact on cell cycle regulation and mRNA processing pathways

• In vivo validation:

  • Develop xenograft models with LRRC42-knockdown cells

  • Monitor tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapies

What are the optimal protocols for detecting LRRC42 in clinical samples?

For robust LRRC42 detection in clinical samples:

mRNA Detection:

• RT-PCR or RNA-seq analysis of LRRC42 transcript levels

• Compare to appropriate normal control tissues

• An increase in LRRC42 expression compared to control levels indicates potential cancer presence or risk

Protein Detection via IHC:

• Recommended antibody dilution: 1:20-1:200

• Appropriate antigen retrieval methods (specific to antibody requirements)

• Include positive controls (lung cancer tissues) and negative controls

• Score based on staining intensity and percentage of positive cells

Western Blot Protocol:

• Cell/tissue lysis in appropriate buffer

• Protein separation on SDS-PAGE

• Transfer to membrane

• Block with standard blocking solution

• Primary LRRC42 antibody incubation at 1:1000-1:5000 dilution

• Secondary antibody: anti-rabbit IgG at 1:10000 dilution

• Detection using chemiluminescence or fluorescence imaging

Clinical Interpretation:

• "An increase of the LRRC42 expression level as compared to a normal control level of the LRRC42 gene indicates the presence or suspicion of cancer cells in the sample"

• Combine with additional clinical information for comprehensive diagnosis

How can LRRC42 antibodies be utilized to investigate tumor immune microenvironment interactions?

LRRC42 antibodies enable sophisticated analysis of tumor-immune interactions:

• Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging:

  • Co-stain for LRRC42 along with immune cell markers

  • Quantify spatial relationships between LRRC42-expressing tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells

  • Correlate with patient outcomes and treatment responses

• Flow cytometry applications:

  • Sort LRRC42-high and LRRC42-low tumor populations

  • Characterize associated immune cell profiles

  • Investigate differences in immunogenicity

• Single-cell analysis:

  • The 2025 Nature study demonstrated that "single-cell analysis using the TISCH2 database highlighted high LRRC42 expression levels in specific subpopulations across different cancers"

  • Identify cell-type specific expression patterns

  • Correlate with immune cell infiltration patterns

• Immune correlation studies:

  • "Investigations into LRRC42's interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment... demonstrated significant correlations with immune cells"

  • Analyze relationships with specific immune cell types (e.g., Th2 cells in HCC)

What role might LRRC42 play in cancer immunotherapy research?

Based on current research findings, LRRC42 shows promise for immunotherapy applications:

What are common challenges when working with LRRC42 antibodies and how can they be addressed?

Researchers may encounter several challenges when working with LRRC42 antibodies:

How can researchers validate LRRC42 antibody specificity for their experimental system?

To ensure LRRC42 antibody specificity:

• Multiple antibody approach:

  • Use antibodies targeting different epitopes of LRRC42

  • Compare staining/blotting patterns for consistency

• Genetic validation:

  • Test antibody in LRRC42 knockdown/knockout systems

  • Confirm reduction/loss of signal correlates with reduced expression

• Recombinant protein controls:

  • Use purified recombinant LRRC42 protein as positive control

  • Perform titration experiments to confirm dose-dependent signal

• Peptide competition:

  • Pre-incubate antibody with immunizing peptide

  • Verify signal diminishment in pre-absorbed samples

• Cross-reactivity assessment:

  • Test antibody against related proteins with leucine-rich repeats

  • Verify absence of signal in species not covered by reactivity claims

How might LRRC42 antibodies contribute to development of targeted cancer therapies?

LRRC42 antibodies could advance targeted therapies through:

• Drug target validation:

  • Confirming LRRC42's role in cancer cell survival and proliferation

  • Identifying cancer types most dependent on LRRC42 expression

  • Functional studies show "LRRC42 knockdown experiments revealed its critical involvement in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion"

• Screening platforms:

  • Developing high-throughput assays to identify compounds that:

    • "Bind to an LRRC42 polypeptide"

    • "Suppress an LRRC42 expression or activity"

    • "Inhibit the binding between an LRRC42 polypeptide and a GATAD2B polypeptide"

• Therapeutic antibody development:

  • Generation of therapeutic antibodies targeting LRRC42

  • Development of antibody-drug conjugates for targeted delivery

  • LRRC42's "scarcely expressed in adult normal organs" profile suggests potential for "minimal adverse effect"

• Companion diagnostics:

  • LRRC42 antibodies for patient selection in clinical trials

  • Monitoring treatment response through LRRC42 expression changes

  • "The present invention contemplates the use of LRRC42 as a diagnostic marker for cancer, finding utility in... assessing and/or monitoring the efficacy or applicability of a cancer therapy"

What emerging applications of LRRC42 research might lead to breakthroughs in cancer diagnosis?

Promising diagnostic applications include:

What signaling pathways and molecular interactions involve LRRC42 in cancer progression?

Research has revealed several key interactions and pathways:

• GATAD2B interaction:

  • LRRC42 binds to GATAD2B (GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B) polypeptide

  • This interaction may be critical for LRRC42's function in cancer cells

  • Inhibiting this binding is a potential therapeutic approach

• Cell cycle regulation:

  • LRRC42 knockdown studies in HCC revealed "genes enriched in mRNA processing and cell cycle regulation pathways"

  • Suggests LRRC42 may regulate cell proliferation through cell cycle control mechanisms

• Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT):

  • "Investigations into LRRC42's interactions... demonstrated significant correlations with... epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules"

  • EMT is critical for cancer invasion and metastasis

• Autophagy and pyroptosis pathways:

  • LRRC42 shows "significant correlations with... autophagy-related factors, and pyroptosis-related molecules"

  • These pathways regulate cell death and survival, critical for cancer progression

• Immune signaling:

  • "The study uncovered co-expression relationships with Th2 cells"

  • Suggests potential role in immune evasion and immunomodulation

How does LRRC42 expression correlate with specific cancer subtypes and stages?

The expression patterns of LRRC42 vary across cancer types and stages: