MCP 1 Human, His
Description
Expression and Purification
MCP-1 Human, His is produced via bacterial or mammalian systems, each with distinct advantages:
| System | Expression Host | Tag Configuration | Glycosylation Status | Typical Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospec Bio | E. coli | N-terminal His-tag (20 aa) | Non-glycosylated | High (>95% purity) |
| Kactus Bio | HEK293 | C-terminal His + Avi tags | Potential O-glycosylation | Moderate (15–20 kDa) |
Purification Steps:
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Nickel Affinity Chromatography: Binds His-tag to immobilized Ni²⁺ .
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography: Removes aggregates and impurities .
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Lyophilization: Stabilized with trehalose (8%) for long-term storage .
Functional and Research Applications
MCP-1 Human, His is used in diverse experimental models:
Chemotaxis and Angiogenesis
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Endothelial Cell Migration: Induces chemotaxis at nanomolar concentrations (e.g., 10–100 nM), promoting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo .
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Atherosclerosis Models: Recruits monocytes to lipid-rich plaques, contributing to plaque instability .
Immunological Studies
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Monocyte Activation: Binds CCR2, triggering calcium flux and integrin activation .
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Cancer Research: MCP-1 overexpression correlates with tumor angiogenesis and metastasis .
Diagnostic Biomarker
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Plasma Levels: Elevated in atherosclerosis (median: 178 pg/mL in ACS patients vs. 157 pg/mL in healthy controls) .
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Plaque Vulnerability: Higher plaque MCP-1 levels associate with lipid core size, macrophage infiltration, and clinical instability .
Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
Metabolic Disorders
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Diabetes: Elevated MCP-1 levels in obese adipose tissue drive insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration .
Comparative Data: Recombinant MCP-1/CCL2 Products
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It plays a crucial role in the immune system by recruiting monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation caused by tissue injury or infection .
The CCL2 gene is located on chromosome 17 (17q11.2-q21.1) in humans and spans approximately 1,927 bases. It consists of three exons and two introns. The gene encodes a precursor protein with a signal peptide of 23 amino acids, which is cleaved to produce the mature protein consisting of 76 amino acids . The mature CCL2 protein has a molecular weight of approximately 11.025 kilodaltons (kDa) .
CCL2 is primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It is also expressed by various other cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells . The expression of CCL2 is inducible and can be triggered by inflammatory stimuli such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) .
CCL2 is best known for its role in chemotaxis, where it directs the migration of monocytes and other immune cells to sites of inflammation . It binds to cell surface receptors CCR2 and CCR4, which mediate its effects. CCL2 also influences various cellular behaviors, including adhesion, polarization, effector molecule secretion, autophagy, and survival .
CCL2 is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. It plays a role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis, and infectious diseases including HIV . Additionally, CCL2 is implicated in obesity, diabetes, and various types of cancer . Due to its involvement in multiple diseases, CCL2 is considered a potential therapeutic target, although current targeting strategies have not yet met clinical expectations .
Recombinant human CCL2 with a His tag is a laboratory-produced version of the protein used for research purposes. The His tag facilitates the purification and detection of the protein in experimental settings. This recombinant protein is used to study the biological functions of CCL2 and its role in various diseases .
