Myostatin Antibody
Description
Definition and Biological Target
Myostatin antibodies are monoclonal or polyclonal immunoglobulins that bind to myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8, GDF8), a member of the TGF-β superfamily encoded by the MSTN gene . By neutralizing myostatin, these antibodies block its interaction with activin type IIB receptors (ActRIIB), thereby preventing downstream signaling pathways that limit muscle growth .
Mechanism of Action
Myostatin antibodies exert dual effects on muscle homeostasis:
| Pathway | Effect of Myostatin Inhibition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Akt/mTORC1 Signaling | Restores protein synthesis | Hypertrophy (muscle fiber enlargement) |
| Ubiquitin Ligases | Reduces FoxO-mediated protein degradation | Decreased muscle atrophy |
| Satellite Cell Activation | Enhances proliferation and differentiation | Improved muscle regeneration |
For example, GYM329, a novel antibody, binds the latent form of myostatin and employs "sweeping antibody technology" to clear myostatin from muscles and plasma . This approach outperforms conventional antibodies by enhancing both specificity and efficacy .
Muscular Dystrophy and SMA
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Preclinical studies in mdx mice showed a 15–25% increase in muscle mass and improved grip strength with anti-myostatin antibodies .
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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA):
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Apitegromab: In a Phase II trial (NCT03921528), nonambulatory SMA patients receiving 20 mg/kg apitegromab + nusinersen showed improved Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMSE) scores .
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Taldefgrobep alfa: RESILIENT trial (NCT05156320) includes ambulant and nonambulatory SMA patients, with results expected in late 2024 .
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Age-Related Sarcopenia
A 4-week treatment with ATA 842 in aged mice (23 months) increased lean mass by 10% and improved insulin sensitivity .
Antibody-Specific Advancements
Comparative Efficacy
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GYM329 increased muscle mass in cynomolgus macaques by 12% without toxicity .
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PF-354 (anti-myostatin antibody) improved in situ muscle strength in 21-month-old mice after 14 weeks .
Future Directions
Product Specs
YPHTHLVHQA NPRGSAGPCC TPTKMSPINM LYFNGKEQII YGKIPAMVVD RCGCS
Product Science Overview
Myostatin, also known as Growth Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF-8), is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal muscle growth by inhibiting muscle differentiation and growth. The Myostatin Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human Antibody is a valuable tool in research for detecting and studying myostatin in various biological samples.
Myostatin is a secreted protein that negatively regulates muscle growth. It is synthesized as a precursor protein that undergoes proteolytic processing to produce a mature, biologically active form. The mature myostatin protein contains seven conserved cysteine residues, which are characteristic of the TGF-β superfamily. Myostatin is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle tissues and has been shown to play a role in muscle homeostasis and development.
Polyclonal antibodies are a mixture of immunoglobulin molecules secreted against a specific antigen, each recognizing a different epitope. They are produced by immunizing an animal (in this case, a rabbit) with the target antigen (myostatin). The animal’s immune system generates a diverse array of antibodies, which are then collected from the serum. Polyclonal antibodies are advantageous because they recognize multiple epitopes on the target antigen, increasing the likelihood of successful detection.
The production of the Myostatin Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human Antibody involves several steps:
- Immunization: Rabbits are immunized with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a specific region of the human myostatin protein. This peptide is often conjugated to a carrier protein, such as Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), to enhance the immune response.
- Serum Collection: After a series of booster immunizations, blood is collected from the rabbits. The serum, which contains the polyclonal antibodies, is separated from the blood cells.
- Purification: The antibodies are purified from the serum using techniques such as affinity chromatography. This process ensures that the final product is highly specific to myostatin and free from other serum proteins.
The Myostatin Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human Antibody is used in various research applications, including:
- Western Blotting: To detect myostatin protein levels in tissue and cell lysates.
- Immunohistochemistry: To visualize myostatin expression in tissue sections.
- ELISA: To quantify myostatin levels in biological samples.
- Immunoprecipitation: To isolate myostatin protein complexes from cell lysates.
