NAC, an antioxidant and mucolytic agent, modulates B cell activation by downregulating CD40/CD27 co-stimulatory molecules and IL-4 production while upregulating IFN-γ. This shifts T cell responses toward a Th1 phenotype, suppressing T-dependent antibody induction (e.g., against Candida albicans) .
| Parameter | Effect of NAC | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| CD40/CD27 Expression | Downregulated on B cells | |
| IL-4 Production | Inhibited | |
| IFN-γ Production | Upregulated | |
| T-Dependent Antibody | Reduced specific IgG response |
A monoclonal antibody targeting TMEM27 (a pancreatic β-cell marker) enables non-invasive β-cell imaging and siRNA delivery. Key features:
| Antigen Density | Cadonilimab Avidity | Monospecific PD-1 Antibody |
|---|---|---|
| High (TME-like) | 10× higher | No differential binding |
| Low (Peripheral tissue) | Baseline | Baseline |
N6 is a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) targeting HIV-1 CD4-binding sites:
| Parameter | Value | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| Viral Isolates Neutralized | 98% (181 tested) | |
| IC₅₀ (Median) | 0.038 μg/mL | |
| Clade C Coverage | 98% (173 isolates) |