NDB2 Antibody

Role in Immune Regulation and Disease

NOD2 antibodies are pivotal in studying immune dysregulation:

• Crohn’s Disease: Carriers of NOD2 gene variants exhibit elevated adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens, correlating with increased antibody titers against bacterial/fungal components .

• Cancer Immunotherapy: NOD2 agonists (e.g., L18-MDP) enhance Fcγ receptor (FcγR) expression on myeloid cells, improving antibody-mediated phagocytosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) models .

• Autoimmunity: NOD2 activation promotes NF-κB and MAPK/p38 pathways, reversing immunosuppressive microenvironments in autoimmune conditions .

Mechanistic Insights:

• NOD2 stimulation increases activating FcγRs (e.g., FcγRIa/IIIa) on monocytes, shifting them toward proinflammatory phenotypes .

• In CLL, NOD2 agonists combined with anti-CD20 antibodies reduce tumor burden by 40–60% in murine models .

Clinical and Therapeutic Applications

Recent studies highlight NOD2’s therapeutic potential:

• Sjögren’s Disease: FcRn-blocking antibodies (e.g., nipocalimab) reduce IgG/autoantibody levels by >77%, improving clinical scores (ClinESSDAI) .

• Neurological Targets: Anti-NMDA receptor antibodies (e.g., IgG2) inhibit GluN1-GluN2B ion channels, offering avenues for neurodegenerative disease treatment .

Table: Key Clinical Findings

Research Tools and Validation

NOD2 antibodies are validated for specificity and performance:

• Western Blot: Detects ~115 kDa bands in transfected cell lysates .

• Immunofluorescence: Localizes NOD2 in cytoplasmic compartments .

• Functional Blocking: Peptide-based epitope blocking confirms target engagement .

Critical Validation Parameters:

• Cross-reactivity: Limited to human, mouse, and rat homologs .

• Batch Consistency: >90% purity via SDS-PAGE/HPLC .