NRP1 Antibody

Mechanisms of Action

NRP1 antibodies disrupt its interactions with ligands such as VEGF, semaphorins, and SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Key mechanisms include:

• Immune Modulation: Blocking NRP1 enhances CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and reduces regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, reversing immune exhaustion in tumors .

• Anti-Angiogenic Effects: Inhibition of VEGF/NRP1 signaling prevents vascular maturation, starving tumors of oxygen and nutrients .

• Viral Entry Inhibition: Neutralizing NRP1-Spike interactions reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity .

Key NRP1 Antibodies

In Vitro Studies

• CD8+ T Cell Reactivation: 53-IgG1 restored cytotoxicity in exhausted CD8+ T cells from NSCLC patients, increasing target cell apoptosis .

• Co-Culture Experiments: Anti-NRP1 antibodies enhanced PBMC cytotoxicity against A549 cells, reducing tumor cell viability .

In Vivo Models

Clinical Trials

Oncology

• NSCLC: 53-IgG1 demonstrated superior efficacy in humanized models, reducing tumor weight by 50% .

• Combination Therapies: Anti-NRP1 + anti-PD-1 enhances CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity .

Infectious Diseases

• COVID-19: Blocking NRP1-Spike interaction inhibits viral entry, suggesting utility in prophylaxis .

Challenges and Future Directions

1. Toxicity Mitigation: Developing IgG4 variants to minimize antibody-dependent cytotoxicity .

2. Bispecific Antibodies: Combining anti-NRP1 with anti-VEGF or anti-PD-1 for dual targeting .

3. Biomarker Development: Identifying NRP1+ Tregs as predictive markers for response .