Function
The nsy-1 antibody targets a serine/threonine-protein kinase. This kinase plays a crucial role in activating the p38 pathway, phosphorylating and activating SEK-1. The pathway also includes downstream effectors SEK-1 and PMK-1. NSY-1 functions downstream of CaMKII (UNC-43) and the adapter protein TIR-1, influencing asymmetric cell fate determination in olfactory AWC neurons during development. Its activation represses odorant receptor STR-2 expression in one of the two AWC neurons. NSY-1 is involved in resistance to pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal infections, as well as resistance to the nematotoxic *C. cinerea* galectin Cgl2. It likely activates the SEK-1/PMK-1/SKN-1 pathway, upregulating *gcs-1* and glutathione-S-transferase (*gst-4*) expression in response to bacterial infection. Further, it likely functions downstream of TIR-1 and Nipi-3, mediating the expression of the antimicrobial peptide NLP-29 in the epidermis following fungal infection or physical injury. NSY-1 contributes to resistance against various environmental stresses, including oxidative stress, protein misfolding (ER stress), osmotic stress, and DNA damage. It stabilizes the transcription factor RNT-1 in the intestine during oxidative stress. It's also involved in germline apoptosis induced by heavy metals, such as Cu2+, and upregulates *gcs-1* expression upon arsenite treatment (likely via PMK-1 activation), conferring protection against heavy metal toxicity. Additionally, NSY-1 plays a role downstream of TIR-1 in regulating anoxia susceptibility and is involved in egg-laying processes.