OPRL1 Antibody, HRP conjugated
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Description
Introduction to OPRL1 and HRP-Conjugated Antibodies
OPRL1 (opioid receptor-like 1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ. It modulates pain perception, cognition, inflammation, and immune responses . The HRP-conjugated OPRL1 antibody is a detection tool designed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and related applications. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) allows direct signal amplification, eliminating the need for secondary antibodies and streamlining workflows .
Mechanism of Action
HRP-conjugated antibodies bind to OPRL1 antigens in assays, with HRP catalyzing chromogenic reactions (e.g., TMB substrate) to generate detectable signals. This conjugation enhances sensitivity and reduces assay time compared to traditional two-step detection methods .
Applications in Research
The HRP-conjugated OPRL1 antibody is primarily validated for ELISA, though its utility extends to broader immunoassays. Below are key applications:
Technical Considerations
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Dilution Optimization: Recommended dilutions vary (e.g., 1:1000–5000 for ELISA ), requiring titration for optimal signal-to-noise ratios.
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Cross-Reactivity: HRP-conjugated OPRL1 antibodies are typically human-specific, though some sources suggest potential reactivity with mouse/rat samples (e.g., Source ) .
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Stability: Long-term storage at -20°C ensures functionality, but repeated freeze-thaw cycles may compromise activity .
Product Specs
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
We typically dispatch orders within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery time may vary depending on the method of purchase and location. For specific delivery timelines, please consult your local distributor.
Synonyms
OPRL1; OOR; ORL1; Nociceptin receptor; Kappa-type 3 opioid receptor; KOR-3; Orphanin FQ receptor
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
The OPRL1 gene encodes a G-protein coupled opioid receptor that serves as a receptor for the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin. Upon ligand binding, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, initiating signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). This signaling process modulates the activity of downstream effectors. G protein-mediated signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and calcium channel activity. Arrestins play a role in regulating signaling via G proteins, mediating the activation of alternative signaling pathways that ultimately activate MAP kinases. The OPRL1 receptor is involved in the modulation of nociception and the perception of pain. It also plays a role in regulating locomotor activity through the neuropeptide nociceptin.
Gene References Into Functions
- The rs2229205 SNP in the OPRL1 gene may contribute to individual susceptibility to smoking in Japanese individuals. PMID: 27490265
- In vitro Ala scanning analyses identified labeled residues Cys59 in TM1, Cys215 and Cys231 in TM5, and Cys310 in TM7. This study introduced a novel Cys(Npys)-affinity labeling method for identifying ligand-binding sites in the ORL1 receptor. PMID: 27271345
- Research suggests that PNOC and OPRL1 are dysregulated in individuals who complete suicide, potentially contributing to impaired emotional and behavioral control and ultimately leading to suicidal crises. PMID: 26349406
- The nociceptin and nociceptin receptor evolved as one of four opioid receptor systems in vertebrates. This system exhibits both analgesic and hyperalgesic effects. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677768
- Opioid neuropeptide systems play a crucial role in mediating ovarian steroid signaling, which regulates reproduction in females. Data suggest that the nociceptin and nociceptin receptor system in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is one such system. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677773
- The nociceptin/nociceptin receptor system is implicated in the modulation of the immune response and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677775
- The nociceptin/nociceptin receptor system is involved in the modulation of psychological and inflammatory stress responses, and in the pathogenesis of anxiety. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677776
- Interaction between the nociceptin/nociceptin receptor system and the orexin/orexin receptor system in hypothalamic neurons modulates complex and integrated responses to stress. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677777
- Nociceptin/nociceptin receptor signaling in hippocampal neurons modulates learning and memory. [REVIEW] PMID: 25677778
- Overall methylation levels in the promoter regions of three genes (ALDH1A1, OPRL1 and RGS19) are elevated in individuals exposed to childhood adversity. PMID: 23799031
- Oprl1 is associated with amygdala function, fear processing, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. PMID: 23740899
- Dominant-positive Arrestin3, but not Arrestin2, was sufficient to rescue NOPR-S363A internalization and JNK signaling. PMID: 23086955
- Decreased plasma nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels are closely associated with the presence of acute cardiovascular disease. The severity of symptoms is inversely correlated with N/OFQ levels. PMID: 22849833
- The crystal structure of human NOP (also known as ORL-1) has been solved in complex with the peptide mimetic antagonist compound-24. PMID: 22596163
- Our studies demonstrate that ORL1 exhibits the ability to cross-desensitize CXCR4 in both primary leukocytes and hematopoietic cell lines. PMID: 21656184
- The presence of at least one C allele is associated with a decreased expression of OLR1 mRNA in the absence of hsa-miR369-3p deregulation. PMID: 21709374
- OPRL1 expression was 1.83 times higher in vitiligo-involved skin compared to healthy control skin. PMID: 20888736
- This study provides evidence for an association of two variants of the OPRL1 gene, rs6090041 and rs6090043, with vulnerability to develop opiate addiction, suggesting a role for nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor in the development of opiate addiction. PMID: 20032820
- Our results support the concept that chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal downregulate the PNOC/OPRL1 system, which plays a critical role in controlling alcohol intake. PMID: 19501074
- Data show that the dynamic cycle of nociceptin receptor activation, internalization, and recycling determines the activity of this receptor on the cell surface. PMID: 12568343
- Nociceptin receptor mRNA is expressed in human trigeminal ganglia but not in basilar arteries. PMID: 12576178
- The OP4/ORL1 receptor is synthesized and functionally expressed in vascular endothelial cells, likely serving as a starting point for specific vasoactive mechanisms. PMID: 14660000
- Nociceptin-induced receptor endocytosis primarily occurs via clathrin-coated pits and is mainly internalized through the endosome compartment. Receptor phosphorylation is necessary for internalization. PMID: 15016723
- Results suggest that the opioid receptor-like (ORL1) receptor utilizes both G(oA) and G(oB) for signal transduction. PMID: 16800795
- The ORL-1 receptor is expressed by all subtypes of leukocytes. Its function in the modulation of cytokine production requires further investigation. PMID: 16807742
- Polymorphism is not associated with panic disorder. PMID: 17167337
- Molecular analysis of the nociceptin receptor and its ligand complexes has been conducted. PMID: 17456499
- We analyzed 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPRL1 and 15 SNPs in PNOC in a sample of 1923 European Americans from 219 multiplex alcohol-dependent families. PMID: 17910740
- Evidence suggests linkage disequilibrium between the OLR1+1071, OLR1+1073, and rs669 SNPs, with the T-C-A haplotype being associated with a significant increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 18191876
- Human CD14(+) monocytes express the mRNA for ORL1. The ORL1/nociceptin system plays a role in regulating leukocyte chemotactic responses through chemokine suppression. PMID: 18247127
- Genotyping of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the OPRL1 locus revealed that SNP rs6010718 was significantly associated with both Type I and Type II alcoholics. PMID: 18269382
- There is evidence of cross-talk between NOP and kainate receptors, leading to an interplay between glutamate and N/OFQ circuits. PMID: 18286384
Database Links
Protein Families
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Note=Ligand binding leads to receptor internalization into cytoplasmic vesicles, decreasing the amount of available receptor at the cell surface. Internalization requires phosphorylation at Ser-363. Can recycle to the cell membrane.
Tissue Specificity
Detected in blood leukocytes.
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