PACS2 Antibody, HRP conjugated

Introduction to PACS2 Antibody, HRP Conjugated

PACS2 (Phosphofurin Acidic Cluster Sorting Protein 2) is a multifunctional sorting protein critical for ER-mitochondria communication, ER homeostasis, and apoptosis regulation . The HRP-conjugated PACS2 antibody is a specialized immunological tool designed for enhanced detection sensitivity in assays such as ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) acts as an enzymatic label, enabling visualization of antigen-antibody complexes via chromogenic or chemiluminescent substrates.

Applications and Research Findings

While specific studies using HRP-conjugated PACS2 antibodies are not detailed in the provided sources, their utility aligns with established protocols for PACS2 detection. Below are inferred applications and supporting evidence:

3.1. Western Blotting

HRP-conjugated PACS2 antibodies enable direct detection of PACS2 protein without secondary antibodies. For example:

• Observed Molecular Weight: PACS2 typically migrates at ~100–130 kDa in SDS-PAGE .

• Sample Compatibility: Validated in human, mouse, and rat cell lysates (e.g., HCT 116, NIH/3T3 cells) .

3.2. ELISA

These antibodies are used in sandwich ELISA assays to quantify PACS2 in biological samples. For instance:

• Sensitivity: Requires optimization of antibody dilution (e.g., 1:500–1:2000 for standard WB protocols) .

3.3. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

HRP-conjugated antibodies can replace secondary antibodies in IHC, streamlining workflows:

• Endothelial Cell Studies: PACS2 localization in renal vascular tissues has been analyzed using IHC with unconjugated primaries . HRP-conjugated versions would similarly target PACS2 in ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs) .

Comparative Analysis of PACS2 Antibody Conjugates

The table below contrasts HRP-conjugated PACS2 antibodies with other conjugate options, based on available data:

Research Insights and Functional Relevance

PACS2’s role in ER-mitochondria communication and disease pathology is well-documented:

• Diabetic Nephropathy: PACS2 upregulation in HGHF-treated endothelial cells exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular permeability .

• Apoptosis Regulation: PACS2 mediates BID translocation to mitochondria, triggering cytochrome c release and caspase activation .

• ErbB Signaling: PACS2 regulates ADAM17 trafficking, influencing ErbB receptor signaling .

HRP-conjugated antibodies would enhance detection precision in these studies, particularly in quantifying PACS2 levels in complex cellular or tissue samples.

Limitations and Considerations

• Species Cross-Reactivity: While HRP-conjugated PACS2 antibodies are primarily validated for human/mouse/rat, broader species compatibility (e.g., zebrafish, cow) may require validation .

• Optimization: Dilution and blocking conditions must be tailored to assay type (e.g., 1:200–1:800 for IF ).