Pard3 Antibody
Description
What is PARD3 Antibody?
PARD3 antibodies are immunological reagents designed to detect and quantify the PARD3 protein in research settings. These antibodies are used to investigate PARD3’s involvement in cellular processes such as polarity establishment, Hippo pathway regulation, and tumorigenesis. Multiple commercial antibodies are available, each validated for specific applications:
Applications of PARD3 Antibodies
PARD3 antibodies are widely used in diverse experimental workflows:
-
Western Blot (WB): Detects PARD3 isoforms (100–180 kDa) in cell lysates (e.g., HEK293, MCF-7) .
-
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes PARD3 in human tissues, including colon cancer and squamous cell carcinoma .
-
Immunofluorescence (IF): Visualizes PARD3 at plasma membranes in polarized cells .
-
Mechanistic Studies: Investigates PARD3’s interaction with LATS1, PP1A, and TAZ in Hippo pathway regulation .
3.1. Role in Cell Polarity and Tumorigenesis
PARD3 forms a polarity complex with Par6 and aPKC, influencing epithelial integrity and tumor progression. Key findings include:
-
Dual Role in Cancer:
3.2. Hippo Pathway Regulation
PARD3 modulates the Hippo pathway by inhibiting LATS1 kinase activity, leading to TAZ/YAP activation:
-
Mechanism: PARD3 recruits PP1A to dephosphorylate LATS1, enabling TAZ nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of pro-growth genes (e.g., CTGF, FSTL1) .
-
Functional Impact: Knockdown of PARD3 reduces T-47D breast cancer cell growth by 40–60% .
3.3. Clinical Implications
-
Expression Variability: PARD3 is upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer and ovarian cancer but downregulated in glioblastoma and lung adenocarcinoma, correlating with poor prognosis .
-
Therapeutic Target: PARD3 inhibitors are under exploration for cancers driven by SHH or Hippo pathway dysregulation .
Validation and Reliability
PARD3 antibodies are rigorously validated:
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Transcriptional upregulation of Girdin expression and Girdin-Galphai3 signaling are critical for regulating epithelial apicobasal polarity through the PAR complex. PMID: 25977476
- PAR3 interacts with PAR6 and NGL-2, working together to regulate axon differentiation. PMID: 25948265
- Research suggests that ERK2 phosphorylates Par3, inhibiting its binding with KIF3A and controlling Par3 transport and neuronal polarity. PMID: 23946386
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces polarized signaling of the small GTPase (Rac1) protein at the onset of Schwann cell myelination through partitioning-defective 3 (Par3) protein. PMID: 22128191
- A willin(FRMD6)/Par3-aPKC-ROCK pathway regulates epithelial apical morphology. PMID: 21685893
- Data indicates that phospholipid binding by par-3 is important for its localization at cell-cell junctions. PMID: 21467691
- Up-regulation of miR-491-5p contributes to TGF-beta-regulated Par-3 expression. PMID: 20966078
- Aurora A interacts directly with the atypical protein kinase C binding domain of Par3 and phosphorylates it at serine 962. PMID: 19812038
- The CR1-mediated self-association of the PAR-3-containing protein complex plays a role during the formation of functional tight junctions. PMID: 12756256
- PAR-3 regulates spine formation by binding the Rac guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) TIAM1, spatially restricting it to dendritic spines. PMID: 16474385
- Par-3 localizes asymmetrically in Schwann cells at the axon-glial junction; disruption of Par-3 localization inhibits myelination; Par-3 associates and recruits p75 neurotrophin receptor to the axon-glial junction, forming a complex necessary for myelination. PMID: 17082460
- The Par-3 N-terminal oligomerization domain adopts a PB1-like structure required for Par-3 oligomerization and membrane localization. PMID: 17476308
- Downregulation of Par-3 and subsequent disruption of Par complex integrity might be a mechanism by which TGF-beta destroys cell polarity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. PMID: 18070611
- Par-3 functions as a scaffold in integrating phosphoinositide signaling events during cellular polarization. PMID: 18550519
- The Par6/Par3-based polarity complex likely coordinates the events of apical ectoplasmic specialization and blood-testis barrier restructuring that take place concurrently at the opposing ends of adjacent Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. PMID: 18621709
- Results identify a new role for local translation and the PAR complex in axonal outgrowth. PMID: 19620967
