PASD1 Antibody

Definition and Function of PASD1 Antibody

PASD1 antibodies are designed to detect the PASD1 protein, which is primarily expressed in germ cells but aberrantly upregulated in various cancers. These antibodies enable the identification of PASD1 expression patterns in tissues and cells, aiding in cancer diagnosis, immunotherapy research, and circadian rhythm studies.

Key Features:

• Target: PASD1 protein (isoforms PASD1-1 and PASD1-2).

• Antigen Specificity:

  • PASD1a: Binds to the N-terminal region shared by both PASD1-1 and PASD1-2.

  • PASD1b: Targets the unique C-terminal region of PASD1-2.

• Applications: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), ELISpot assays, and cytotoxicity studies .

Antibody Specificity and Isoforms

PASD1 has two splice variants:

Notes:

• PASD1a detects both isoforms, while PASD1b is specific to PASD1-2.

• PASD1-2 is more frequently expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyps compared to PASD1-1 .

Applications in Research and Diagnostics

PASD1 antibodies are critical for studying cancer biology and immune responses.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Used to assess PASD1 protein localization in tissues.

Key Findings:

• PASD1 expression is detected in 31.7% of CRC and 29.4% of polyps samples .

• In melanoma, PASD1 is expressed in skin tumors but not ovarian cancers .

Western Blot (WB)

Validates PASD1 protein presence in cell lines.

Technical Notes:

• Optimal WB dilution: 1:1000–1:6000 .

• Observed molecular weight: 72–87 kDa (PASD1-2) .

Immunogenicity Assays

PASD1 peptides induce CD4+ T-cell responses in cancer patients.

Mechanisms:

• CD4+ T-cells from DLBCL patients lyse PASD1-expressing hematologic malignancies .

• Cytotoxicity reaches up to 57.20% in CRC samples .

Research Implications and Therapeutic Potential

• Circadian Rhythm Modulation: PASD1 suppresses CLOCK:BMAL1 activity, offering insights into cancer-related circadian disruption .

• Immunotherapy: PASD1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are candidates for peptide-based vaccines in DLBCL and CRC .

• Biomarker: PASD1 expression correlates with advanced-stage CRC and rectosigmoid tumors .

Limitations and Future Directions

• Expression Heterogeneity: PASD1 is absent in ovarian cancers and early-stage CRC, limiting its utility as a universal biomarker .

• Therapeutic Challenges: PASD1’s restricted expression necessitates combination therapies to enhance immune responses.