PEG3 Antibody
Product Specs
Target Background
- Induction of apoptosis in collaboration with SIAH1A.
- Mediation between p53/TP53 and BAX in a neuronal death pathway triggered by DNA damage.
- Synergistic action with TRAF2 to inhibit TNF-induced apoptosis by activating NF-kappa-B.
- Exhibits tumor suppressor activity in glioma cells.
- Research suggests that PEG3 is essential for the induction and nuclear translocation of TFEB (Transcription Factor EB) in a manner dependent on VEGFR2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2) and AMPK (AMP-activated Protein Kinase). This process is crucial for the autophagy triggered by decorin/decorin receptor. PMID: 28798237
- Peg3 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of BECN1. PMID: 28174297
- Studies indicate the presence of specific cis-regulatory motifs and corresponding trans factors within the Peg3 (Paternally Expressed Gene 3) domain, which are likely critical for the regulation of its transcription. PMID: 27104590
- Current research has identified three alternative promoters for mouse Peg3 and one alternative promoter for human PEG3. PMID: 27075691
- A population of resident smooth muscle progenitor cells expressing PW1 (Peg3) has been identified in vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension. PMID: 26838788
- The function of PW1/Peg3 is critical for establishing proper mesoangioblast competence. Its level in human mesoangioblasts can serve as a potential biomarker for identifying donor populations suitable for therapeutic applications in muscular dystrophies. PMID: 25751651
- The PEG3-SCAN domain appears to act as a building block, enabling PEG3 homo- or heterodimerization to regulate gene expression in a combinatorial manner. PMID: 23936039
- Genetic translocations involving the PEG3 gene have been linked to mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. PMID: 24120702
- Research has elucidated a mechanism by which a secreted proteoglycan induces Peg3, a master regulator of macroautophagy in endothelial cells. PMID: 23798385
- Findings indicate that a five percent increase in DNA methylation of PEG3 is associated with a 1.6-fold increase in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) risk. PMID: 23418553
- No correlation was observed between folate cycle genotypes in the mother or infant and the methylation of IGF2, PEG3, or LINE-1. PMID: 23151531
- The PEG3 gene exhibits imprinting, with preferential expression from the paternal allele in the human placenta. PMID: 11331620
- Mammalian imprinting utilizes Peg3/Pw1 to co-opt the Wnt pathway, thereby regulating development and glioma growth. PMID: 20064927
- Peg3/Pw1 acts as a mediator between p53 and Bax in DNA damage-induced neuronal death. PMID: 11943780
- Results support a model in which pEg3 contributes to the control of progression through mitosis by phosphorylation of the CDC25 phosphatases. PMID: 15908796
- Loss of PEG3 expression may be a frequent occurrence in gynecologic cancers. Considering the known role of PEG3 in p53-mediated apoptosis, it is possible that PEG3 functions as a tumor suppressor. PMID: 16023706
- These findings suggest that pEg3 may play a role at the cell cortex during mitosis. PMID: 16159311
- Down-regulation of PEG3 due to loss of heterozygosity and promoter methylation is associated with ovarian cancers. PMID: 18286529
- Abnormal regulation of PEG3 is associated with several glioma subtypes, suggesting that it plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. PMID: 19367087
- The PEG3 imprinted domain in humans, cows, and mice contains varying numbers of differentially methylated regions (DMRs), but the PEG3-CpG island is the only DMR that is conserved across these species. PMID: 19397955
Q&A
How can researchers validate the specificity of a PEG3 antibody in Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)?
Validation of PEG3 antibody specificity requires a multi-step approach:
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Knockout Controls: Use PEG3-knockout cell lines or tissues to confirm the absence of signal in WB/IHC .
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Molecular Weight Verification: Compare observed vs. calculated molecular weights. PEG3 has a calculated mass of 181 kDa but migrates at 200–220 kDa due to post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) .
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Cross-Reactivity Testing: Validate species specificity (human/mouse) using recombinant PEG3 protein or cell lysates from multiple models .
What factors determine the selection of PEG3 antibody for specific experimental applications?
Key considerations include:
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Target Epitope: Polyclonal antibodies (e.g., 23569-1-AP) recognize multiple epitopes, improving detection sensitivity in low-abundance samples .
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Species Reactivity: Confirm compatibility with human/mouse models (Table 1) .
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Assay Compatibility: Optimize dilution protocols for WB (1:500–1:2000) versus IHC (1:250–1:1000) .
How should researchers troubleshoot inconsistent PEG3 detection in IHC?
Common issues and solutions:
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Antigen Masking: Pre-treat sections with TE buffer (pH 9.0) or citrate (pH 6.0) .
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Antibody Titration: Test dilutions between 1:250–1:1000 across tissue types .
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Negative Controls: Include tissues with confirmed PEG3 silencing (e.g., glioma) .
How does PEG3’s epigenetic regulation impact antibody-based detection in cancer models?
PEG3 is imprinted and paternally expressed. Epigenetic silencing via promoter hypermethylation occurs in gliomas, reducing detectable protein levels . Researchers must:
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Correlate DNA Methylation Status: Use bisulfite sequencing on tissues showing low PEG3 signal.
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Combine with Pharmacological Agents: Treat cells with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) to restore PEG3 expression .
What mechanistic insights link PEG3 to Kras/Erk- and mTOR-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
PEG3 promotes HCC progression by:
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Upregulating Angiogenic Factors: Increases VEGF expression via AP-1/PEA3 transcription factor binding .
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Modulating Signaling Pathways: Enhances mTORC1 activity, validated through co-immunoprecipitation and kinase assays .
How can conflicting data on PEG3’s molecular weight be resolved?
Discrepancies between observed (200–220 kDa) and calculated (181 kDa) weights arise from:
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Post-Translational Modifications: Phosphorylation at Ser/Thr residues .
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Alternative Splicing: Isoforms detected in placenta vs. brain tissues .
Methodological Recommendation: Use gradient SDS-PAGE (4–20%) and include recombinant PEG3 as a reference .
What strategies address PEG3 antibody cross-reactivity in multi-species studies?
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Pre-Absorption Assays: Incubate antibody with recombinant proteins from non-target species (e.g., rat) to block cross-reactive epitopes .
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Species-Specific Tagging: Use CRISPR-Cas9 to add epitope tags (e.g., HA) to endogenous PEG3 in novel model systems .
How to design longitudinal studies analyzing PEG3 dynamics in disease models?
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Time-Point Selection: Collect samples at critical phases (e.g., premalignant → metastatic stages in HCC) .
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Multi-Omics Integration: Pair IHC with RNA-seq to correlate PEG3 protein levels with transcriptional activity .
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Antibody Stability: Store aliquots at -20°C in PBS/50% glycerol (prevents freeze-thaw degradation) .
What computational tools enhance PEG3 antibody data analysis?
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Image Quantification: Use Fiji/ImageJ with custom macros to normalize IHC staining intensity against housekeeping proteins .
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Structural Predictions: Model PEG3-antibody interactions via AlphaFold2 for epitope mapping .
