pgl-1 Antibody
Product Specs
**Constituents:** 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- A study demonstrates that germ-granule components, PGL-1 and PGL-3, can serve as negative regulators of apoptosis, not only in the germline but also in the soma in C. elegans. PMID: 27650246
- PGL-1 and PGL-3 control germline apoptosis in C. elegans. PMID: 26598553
- Data show that the PGL proteins PGL-1 and PGL-3 serve as the scaffold for germ granule formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID: 21402787
- PGL-1, and at least PGL-3 functions redundantly with PGL-1 to ensure fertility in both sexes of C. elegans. PMID: 15238518
STRING: 6239.ZK381.4b
UniGene: Cel.23408
Q&A
FAQs on PGL-1 Antibody in Leprosy Research
What methodologies are used to detect PGL-1 antibodies in leprosy patients?
PGL-1 antibodies are primarily detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using synthetic analogs like ND-O-HSA or NT-P-HSA. Key steps include:
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Serum collection: Baseline and post-treatment samples.
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Antigen preparation: Synthetic PGL-1 analogs or native antigen extracted from Mycobacterium leprae.
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Threshold determination: Positive results are typically defined as >600 IU/mL for IgM .
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Correlation with bacterial index (BI): Higher antibody levels correlate with multibacillary (MB) disease (e.g., BI >2) .
How do PGL-1 antibody levels correlate with disease classification?
PGL-1 IgM levels differ significantly between paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) patients:
| Patient Type | Mean Baseline IgM (IU/mL) | Post-Treatment Reduction |
|---|---|---|
| MB (untreated) | 6.95–12.53 | 60–80% |
| PB (untreated) | 1.28 | <50% |
MB patients exhibit higher baseline levels due to greater bacterial loads .
What sample types are validated for PGL-1 antibody detection?
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Serum: Standard for clinical monitoring (88–96% sensitivity in MB) .
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Saliva: Emerging non-invasive alternative with comparable sensitivity in endemic regions .
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Limitations: PB patients show lower sensitivity (30–60%) due to localized immune responses .
How do longitudinal studies design protocols to evaluate PGL-1 antibody kinetics during treatment?
Key considerations:
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Cohort stratification: MB vs. PB patients, household contacts (HHCs) .
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Timepoints: Baseline, 6/12/24 months post-multidrug therapy (MDT) .
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Statistical endpoints:
Example findings:
What contradictions exist in PGL-1 antibody utility for monitoring chemoprophylaxis?
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Prophylaxis success: Single-dose rifampicin (SDR) reduces IgM in HHCs, but 22.2% remain seropositive after 2 years .
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Confounding factors: Age, BMI, and BCG vaccination status show no correlation (P >0.05) .
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Limitation: Antibody persistence despite bacterial clearance suggests residual antigenic stimulation .
How do synthetic PGL-1 analogs compare to native antigens in diagnostic assays?
| Parameter | Native PGL-1 | Synthetic Analogs (ND-O-HSA/NT-P-HSA) |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (MB) | 96% | 70–85% |
| Production cost | High | Moderate |
| Clinical utility | Limited | Widely adopted |
Synthetic analogs are less sensitive but critical for scalable diagnostics .
What experimental controls are critical for minimizing variability in PGL-1 serology?
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Internal controls: Use standardized reference sera with known IgM titers .
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Cross-reactivity checks: Test against other glycolipids (e.g., lipoarabinomannan) .
How can PGL-1 antibody research inform vaccine development?
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Target identification: PGL-1’s trisaccharide moiety is immunodominant .
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Adjunct biomarkers: Combine antibody levels with IFN-γ or TNF-α to assess cellular immunity .
