pha-4 Antibody

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Liquid

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

pha-4 antibody; fkh-1 antibody; F38A6.1 antibody; Defective pharyngeal development protein 4 antibody; Ce-fkh-1 antibody; Fork head-HNF-3 homolog antibody

pha-4

Q17381

PHA-4, a transcription factor crucial for pharyngeal primordium formation, binds to the consensus sequence 5'-T[AG]TT[TG][AG][TC]-3'. Variations in this sequence influence the onset of target gene expression. PHA-4 activates a wide array of pharyngeal genes, including ceh-22 and myo-2, while repressing ectodermal genes lin-26 and elt-3, ensuring the establishment of pharyngeal cell fate. It is also essential for recruiting htz-1 to a subset of pharyngeal promoters, leading to gene activation. Furthermore, PHA-4 collaborates synergistically with tbx-2 in pharyngeal development. PHA-4 plays a role in diet-restriction-mediated longevity by increasing the expression of sod-1, sod-2, sod-4, and sod-5, but not sod-3. It positively regulates the expression of the transcription factor hlh-6 in the pharyngeal gland and may also regulate gene expression within the intestine.

1. Studies indicate that PHA-4 utilizes feed-forward loops to fine-tune gene expression and introduce robustness to the system during energy deprivation. PMID: 25504288
2. These findings suggest that Pol II recruitment, in addition to chromatin opening, constitutes a significant aspect of PHA-4 pioneer factor activity. PMID: 26089518
3. PHA-4 binding and activation of pharyngeally expressed promoters were confined to a specific subset of pharyngeal cells, excluding the intestine. PMID: 20714352
4. This study outlines the characteristics of PHA-4 response elements. PMID: 20623595
5. Thousands of binding sites for PHA-4 during embryonic pharynx formation and its role during the starvation response were identified. PMID: 20174564
6. Data suggests that PHA-4 and DAF-12 equip the pharynx with transcriptional plasticity to respond to diverse developmental and physiological cues. PMID: 15375261
7. The transcription factor PHA-4, in conjunction with various cis-regulatory elements in target genes, regulates spatial and temporal patterning during pharyngeal development. PMID: 15693952
8. The PHA-4 amino terminus is essential for PHA-4 function in vivo, potentially serving as a transactivation domain, and can compensate for the loss of the carboxyl terminus. PMID: 16127716
9. Restricting early blastomeres to the pharyngeal fate depends on both repression of ectodermal genes and activation of pharyngeal genes by PHA-4. PMID: 17250823
10. The role of PHA-4 in lifespan determination is specific to dietary restriction, as it is not required for the increased longevity caused by other genetic pathways that regulate aging. PMID: 17476212
11. C. elegans pha-4 encodes a FoxA transcription factor that is essential for establishing the foregut in embryos and controlling growth and longevity post-birth. PMID: 18804378

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KEGG: cel:CELE_F38A6.1

STRING: 6239.F38A6.1a

UniGene: Cel.17389

Nucleus.

Strongly expressed in the embryonic pharynx, particularly pharyngeal primordium precursor cells. Expression less strong in the embryonic gut. Expressed in adult intestine.