PHO1-H7 Antibody

PHO1 Antibody in Plant Biology

PHO1 (AT3G23430) is an Arabidopsis thaliana protein involved in phosphate (Pi) transport and homeostasis.

H7 Influenza Antibodies

H7 antibodies target hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9/H7-subtype avian influenza viruses, which pose pandemic risks.

Key Antigenic Sites on H7 HA:

1. Head Domain:

   • Site A/B: Receptor-binding site (RBS) targeted by neutralizing antibodies (e.g., H7.167) .

   • Trimer Interface (TI): Targeted by non-neutralizing but protective antibodies (e.g., H7-200) .

2. Stem Domain: Recognized by broadly reactive antibodies (e.g., MEDI8852) .

Functional Antibody Classes:

Mechanisms of Action:

• Neutralizing Antibodies (e.g., H7.HK2): Block viral entry by disrupting HA-sialic acid interactions .

• Non-neutralizing Antibodies (e.g., H7-200): Disrupt HA trimers or enhance Fc-mediated immunity .

Research Advancements in H7 Antibodies

• Structural Insights: Cryo-EM studies reveal H7.HK2 binds a β14-centered epitope overlapping antigenic site D, retaining efficacy against 2016–2017 H7N9 variants .

• Clinical Relevance:

  • Survivors of H7N9 infection develop antibodies targeting HA head (sites A, B, TI-II) and stem regions .

  • Antibodies like H7-200 show 100% protection in murine models despite lacking neutralization capacity .

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

• ELISA Platforms: H7-specific monoclonal antibodies (e.g., MAb 3, MAb 7) enable sensitive detection of H7 antigens (LoD: 1.6 μg/mL) .

• Combination Therapies: Pairing neutralizing (H7.HK2) and non-neutralizing (H7.HK4) antibodies enhances protection in preclinical models .