Phospho-AKT1 (T72) Antibody
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Product Specs
Buffer
Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your orders within 1-3 business days after receiving them. The delivery time may vary depending on the shipping method and destination. For specific delivery times, please consult your local distributors.
Synonyms
AKT 1 antibody; AKT antibody; AKT1 antibody; AKT1_HUMAN antibody; C AKT antibody; cAKT antibody; MGC99656 antibody; PKB alpha antibody; PKB antibody; PKB-ALPHA antibody; PRKBA antibody; Protein Kinase B Alpha antibody; Protein kinase B antibody; Proto-oncogene c-Akt antibody; RAC Alpha antibody; RAC antibody; Rac protein kinase alpha antibody; RAC Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase antibody; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase antibody; RAC-PK-alpha antibody; v akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 antibody; vAKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
AKT1 is one of three closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3) collectively known as the AKT kinase. This kinase family plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis. These functions are mediated through the phosphorylation of a diverse range of downstream substrates on serine and/or threonine residues. Over 100 potential substrate candidates have been reported, although isoform specificity has not been established for most of them. AKT is responsible for regulating glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at Ser-50 negatively modulates its phosphatase activity, preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and attenuating insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is essential for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT also regulates glucose storage in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at Ser-21 and GSK3B at Ser-9, leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also believed to be a mechanism driving cell proliferation. AKT further regulates cell survival through the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation at Ser-83 decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress, thereby preventing apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at Ser-939 and Thr-1462, activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and activation of RPS6KB1. AKT participates in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), resulting in binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization. Notably, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at Thr-24, Ser-256, and Ser-319. FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated at equivalent sites. AKT plays a significant role in regulating NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). Phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins required for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates Ser-454 on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), potentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. It activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of Ser-273, resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis. AKT phosphorylates PIKFYVE at Ser-318, increasing PI(3)P-5 activity. Another substrate is the Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1, and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and growth. AKT acts as a key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, controlling the tempo of newborn neuron integration during adult neurogenesis, including proper neuron positioning, dendritic development, and synapse formation. AKT signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. It is essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. AKT may be involved in regulating placental development. It phosphorylates STK4/MST1 at Thr-120 and Thr-387, leading to inhibition of its kinase activity, nuclear translocation, autophosphorylation, and ability to phosphorylate FOXO3. It also phosphorylates STK3/MST2 at Thr-117 and Thr-384, inhibiting its cleavage, kinase activity, autophosphorylation at Thr-180, binding to RASSF1, and nuclear translocation. AKT phosphorylates SRPK2, enhancing its kinase activity towards SRSF2 and ACIN1 and promoting its nuclear translocation. It phosphorylates RAF1 at Ser-259 and negatively regulates its activity. Phosphorylation of BAD stimulates its pro-apoptotic activity. AKT phosphorylates KAT6A at Thr-369, and this phosphorylation inhibits the interaction of KAT6A with PML and negatively regulates its acetylation activity towards p53/TP53. It phosphorylates palladin (PALLD), modulating cytoskeletal organization and cell motility. AKT phosphorylates prohibitin (PHB), playing a crucial role in cell metabolism and proliferation. It phosphorylates CDKN1A, for which phosphorylation at Thr-145 induces its release from CDK2 and cytoplasmic relocalization. These recent findings suggest that the AKT1 isoform plays a more specific role in cell motility and proliferation. AKT phosphorylates CLK2, controlling cell survival to ionizing radiation. It phosphorylates PCK1 at Ser-90, reducing the binding affinity of PCK1 to oxaloacetate and transforming PCK1 into an atypical protein kinase activity using GTP as a donor. AKT also acts as an activator of TMEM175 potassium channel activity in response to growth factors. It forms the lysoK(GF) complex together with TMEM175 and promotes TMEM175 channel activation, independently of its protein kinase activity.
Gene References Into Functions
- The optimal melatonin concentration (3 mM) significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, caspase-3 activity, and the percentage of both dead and apoptotic-like sperm cells, while increasing vitality, progressive motility, total motility, and AKT phosphorylation compared to the control group. PMID: 29196809
- The findings suggest that SPRY4 and SPRY4-IT1 may act as oncogenes in testicular germ cell tumors through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PMID: 29410498
- Results suggest that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) accelerates glioma migration and invasion through the AKT/Rac1 signaling pathway, making TRPV4 a potential target for glioma therapy. PMID: 29928875
- Data indicate a regulatory mechanism underlying drug resistance and suggest that tribbles homologue 2 (TRIB2) functions as a regulatory component of the PI3K network, activating AKT in cancer cells. PMID: 28276427
- Findings indicate that shikonin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) cells by modulating the miR-106b/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting shikonin as a potential therapeutic agent for EEC treatment. PMID: 29449346
- SIRT6 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by upregulating PTEN expression and downregulating AKT1 expression. PMID: 29957460
- LHPP suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in cervical cancer, promoting apoptosis by suppressing AKT activation. PMID: 29944886
- Data show that activated proto-oncogene protein Akt (AKT) directly phosphorylates Fas associated factor 1 (FAF1), reducing FAF1 at the plasma membrane and resulting in an increase in TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII) at the cell surface. PMID: 28443643
- Data show that while overexpression of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) promoted local tumor growth, downregulation of AKT1 or overexpression of AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2) promoted peritumoral invasion and lung metastasis. PMID: 28287129
- High AKT1 expression is associated with metastasis in ovarian cancer. PMID: 29739299
- Circ-CFH promotes glioma progression by sponging miR-149 and regulating the AKT1 signaling pathway. PMID: 30111766
- High AKT1 expression is associated with metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition carcinoma in colorectal cancer. PMID: 30066935
- High AKT1 expression is associated with tumor-node-metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. PMID: 30106450
- High expression of AKT1 is associated with drug resistance and proliferation of breast cancer. PMID: 28165066
- Germline variants in AKT1 gene are associated with prostate cancer. PMID: 29298992
- High AKT1 expression is associated with cisplatin-resistant oral cancer. PMID: 29956797
- Akt1 was identified as a novel target for miR-637, and its knockdown also induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. PMID: 29366808
- High AKT1 expression is associated with periodontitis. PMID: 30218719
- High AKT1 expression is associated with angiogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 30015941
- High AKT1 expression is associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis. PMID: 29386088
- In MCF-7 cells, AIB1 overexpression increases p-AKT (Ser 473) activity. In both T47D and MCF-7 cells overexpressing A1B1, p-AKT (Ser 473) expression was significantly increased in the presence or absence of IGF-1, but increased more in the presence of IGF-1. PMID: 29808803
- This study utilized the Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and Ion Torrent Ampliseq Cancer panel to sequence hotspot regions from PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN genes to identify genetic mutations in 39 samples of TNBC subtype from Moroccan patients and to correlate the results with clinical-pathologic data. PMID: 30227836
- The AKT pathway is activated by CBX8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 29066512
- This study identified a direct interaction of both MEK1 and MEK2 with AKT. The interaction between MEK and AKT affects cell migration and adhesion but not proliferation. The specific mechanism of action of the MEK-AKT complex involves phosphorylation of the migration-related transcription factor FoxO1. PMID: 28225038
- miR-195 suppresses cell proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through regulation of VEGFR2 and AKT signaling pathways. PMID: 29845300
- High AKT1 expression is associated with cell growth, aggressiveness, and metastasis in gastric cancer. PMID: 30015981
- This is the first report showing that long-duration exposure to nicotine causes increased proliferation of human kidney epithelial cells through activation of the AKT pathway. PMID: 29396723
- RBAP48 overexpression contributes to the radiosensitivity of AGS gastric cancer cells via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway suppression. PMID: 29901205
- Activating Akt1 mutations alter DNA double strand break repair and radiosensitivity. PMID: 28209968
- PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors, Akti-1/2 and LY294002, reduced PFKFB3 gene induction by PHA, as well as Fru-2,6-P2 and lactate production. Moreover, both inhibitors blocked activation and proliferation in response to PHA, demonstrating the importance of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the antigen response of T-lymphocytes. PMID: 29435871
- RIO kinase 3 (RIOK3) positively regulates the activity of the AKT/mTOR pathway in glioma cells. PMID: 29233656
- High AKT1 phosphorylation is associated with colorectal carcinoma. PMID: 29970694
- Results show that AKT1 was associated with hypertension in Mexican Mestizos but not Mexican Amerindians. PMID: 30176313
- TERT could induce thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation mainly through the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. PMID: 29901196
- Findings uncover a new function of p53 in the regulation of Akt signaling and reveal how p53, ASS1, and Akt are interrelated. PMID: 28560349
- Quantitative mass spectrometry of IAV1918-infected cells was performed to measure host protein dysregulation. Selected proteins were validated by immunoblotting, and phosphorylation levels of members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were assessed. PMID: 29866590
- Radiation resistance tumors have upregulated Onzin and POU5F1 expression. PMID: 29596836
- The essential role of AKT in endocrine therapy resistance in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. [review] PMID: 29086897
- FAL1 may work as a ceRNA to modulate AKT1 expression via competitively binding to miR-637 in HSCR. PMID: 30062828
- Overexpression of CHIP significantly increased the migration and invasion of DU145 cells, potentially due to activation of the AKT signaling pathway and upregulation of vimentin. The expression level of CHIP was observed to be increased in human prostate cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissue. PMID: 29693147
- Genistein (GE) inhibited the growth of human Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines by reducing the activation of EGFR and AKT, and by attenuating the production of IL6. E2 and ER were also involved in the growth-inhibitory effect of GE in CCA cells. PMID: 29693152
- This study identifies ORP2 as a new regulatory nexus of Akt signaling, cellular energy metabolism, actin cytoskeletal function, cell migration, and proliferation. PMID: 29947926
- The role of USP18 in breast cancer provides a novel insight into the clinical application of the USP18/AKT/Skp2 pathway. PMID: 29749454
- Collectively, these results indicate that COX-1/PGE2/EP4 upregulates the beta-arr1-mediated Akt signaling pathway to provide mucosal protection in colitis. PMID: 28432343
- AKT kinase pathway is regulated by SPC24 in breast cancer. PMID: 30180968
- CREBRF promotes the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via the AKT signaling pathway. PMID: 29729692
- These results indicate that miR124 transection inhibits the growth and aggressive behavior of osteosarcoma, potentially via suppression of TGFbeta-mediated AKT/GSK3beta/snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAIL1) signaling, suggesting miR124 as a potential anticancer agent/target for osteosarcoma therapy. PMID: 29488603
- Piperine reduced the expression of pAkt, MMP9, and pmTOR. Together, these data indicated that piperine may serve as a promising novel therapeutic agent to better overcome prostate cancer metastasis. PMID: 29488612
- S100A8 gene knockdown reduced cell proliferation in HEC-1A cells compared to control cells, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), and induced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. PMID: 29595187
- Intact keratin filaments are regulators for PKB/Akt and p44/42 activity, both basal and in response to stretch. PMID: 29198699
Database Links
Involvement In Disease
Breast cancer (BC); Colorectal cancer (CRC); Proteus syndrome (PROTEUSS); Cowden syndrome 6 (CWS6)
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, RAC subfamily
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in prostate cancer and levels increase from the normal to the malignant state (at protein level). Expressed in all human cell types so far analyzed. The Tyr-176 phosphorylated form shows a significant increase in expression in breast cancers dur
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