Phospho-BRCA2 (Ser3291) Antibody

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Description

Research Background

BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor protein essential for homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. Its C-terminal domain interacts directly with RAD51, a recombinase critical for strand pairing during HR. Phosphorylation of BRCA2 at Ser3291 by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) during mitosis disrupts RAD51 binding, ensuring HR suppression during cell division . This regulatory mechanism prevents aberrant recombination events and maintains genomic stability.

The Phospho-BRCA2 (Ser3291) Antibody specifically recognizes this phosphorylated state, making it indispensable for studying:

  • Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation dynamics (e.g., G2/M phase transitions) .

  • DNA damage response pathways.

  • Replication fork protection and repair fidelity .

Regulation by Cyclins and CDKs

  • Cyclin D1 Suppresses Ser3291 Phosphorylation: Cyclin D1 expression inversely correlates with Ser3291 phosphorylation levels, suggesting a role in restraining CDK2/1 activity during S phase to promote RAD51-mediated repair .

  • CDK-Dependent Phosphorylation: CDK1 and CDK2 phosphorylate Ser3291 during mitosis, inhibiting RAD51 binding and facilitating mitotic progression .

Functional Impact on RAD51 and DNA Repair

  • RAD51 Binding Inhibition: Phosphorylation at Ser3291 disrupts the BRCA2-RAD51 interaction, as demonstrated using phospho-mimetic mutants (S3291E) .

  • Replication Fork Protection: Non-phosphorylated BRCA2 stabilizes RAD51 filaments at stalled replication forks, enabling restart of DNA synthesis via polymerase η (Polη) .

Disease Implications

  • Cancer Susceptibility: Dysregulated Ser3291 phosphorylation is linked to defective HR, genomic instability, and increased cancer risk (e.g., breast, ovarian, pancreatic cancers) .

  • Therapeutic Targeting: Small-molecule CDK inhibitors (e.g., roscovitine) reduce Ser3291 phosphorylation, restoring RAD51 function in BRCA2-deficient cells .

Applications in Research

  • Western Blot: Detects phosphorylated BRCA2 in lysates from synchronized cells (e.g., nocodazole-arrested mitotic cells) .

  • Immunofluorescence: Localizes phosphorylated BRCA2 to centrosomes and nuclei during mitosis .

  • Functional Studies: Evaluates HR efficiency and replication fork stability in cancer models .

Product Specs

Form
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Lead Time
We typically dispatch products within 1-3 business days after receiving your order. Delivery time may vary based on the purchasing method and location. Please contact your local distributor for specific delivery time estimates.
Synonyms
BRCA 2 antibody; BRCA1/BRCA2 containing complex subunit 2 antibody; Brca2 antibody; BRCA2; DNA repair associated antibody; BRCA2_HUMAN antibody; BRCC 2 antibody; BRCC2 antibody; Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene early onset antibody; breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein 2 antibody; Breast cancer 2 early onset antibody; Breast Cancer 2 tumor suppressor antibody; Breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA2 antibody; Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein antibody; BROVCA2 antibody; FACD antibody; FAD 1 antibody; FAD antibody; FAD1 antibody; FANCB antibody; FANCD 1 antibody; FANCD antibody; FANCD1 antibody; FANCD1 gene antibody; Fanconi anemia complementation group D1 antibody; Fanconi anemia group D1 protein antibody; GLM3 antibody; mutant BRCA2 antibody; OTTHUMP00000018803 antibody; OTTHUMP00000042401 antibody; PNCA2 antibody; XRCC11 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
BRCA2 plays a crucial role in double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. It binds to RAD51 and enhances recombinational DNA repair by facilitating the assembly of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). This process involves targeting RAD51 to ssDNA over double-stranded DNA, displacing replication protein-A (RPA) from ssDNA, and stabilizing RAD51-ssDNA filaments by inhibiting ATP hydrolysis. BRCA2 is a component of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing RAD51C, which is believed to be involved in DNA repair through homologous recombination. BRCA2 may also participate in S phase checkpoint activation. It exhibits selective binding to ssDNA, including ssDNA in tailed duplexes and replication fork structures. BRCA2 might contribute to the extension step following strand invasion at replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks, and in collaboration with PALB2, plays a role in both POLH localization at collapsed replication forks and DNA polymerization activity. In concert with NPM1, BRCA2 regulates centrosome duplication. It interacts with the TREX-2 complex (transcription and export complex 2) subunits PCID2 and SEM1, and is essential for preventing R-loop-associated DNA damage, thereby maintaining genomic stability during transcription. Silencing of BRCA2 promotes R-loop accumulation at actively transcribed genes in both replicating and non-replicating cells, suggesting that BRCA2 independently regulates R-loop-associated genomic instability beyond its known role in homologous recombination.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. Research has shown that most Cas9-induced single nicks at the target DNA strand rely on RAD51 and BRCA2 for efficient and scar-less DNA repair. PMID: 28067217
  2. Studies have demonstrated that BRCA2-mutant prostate cancer cells exhibit increased genomic instability and a mutational profile more closely resembling metastatic than localized disease. PMID: 28067867
  3. Germline mutations affecting the Fanconi anemia pathway, such as BRCA2, are frequently associated with Invasive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PMID: 28870368
  4. Research suggests that BRCA2 antagonizes 53BP1, RIF1, and Artemis-dependent c-nonhomologous end-joining and alt-nonhomologous end-joining to prevent gross genomic instability in a RAD51-independent manner. PMID: 29133916
  5. A region in the N terminus of BRCA2 exhibits DNA binding activity and promotes RAD51-mediated homologous recombination. PMID: 27628236
  6. Germline BRCA2 mutations have been linked to unilateral triple-negative breast cancer. PMID: 29514593
  7. Germline BRCA2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. PMID: 29506471
  8. BRCA1/2 mutations are not uncommon among selected Jordanian females diagnosed with breast cancer. PMID: 29409476
  9. Male BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast and prostate cancer have shown a favorable 5-year survival rate. PMID: 29433453
  10. BRCA2 SNP is associated with an enhanced response rate to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. PMID: 29298688
  11. Research indicates that TDP1 is a significant determinant of response to CNDAC across various cancer types, particularly non-small cell lung cancers, and highlights the differential involvement of BRCA2, PARP1, and TDP1 in cellular responses to CNDAC, AraC, and CPT. PMID: 28802254
  12. There is no evidence to support an association between the genotype at BRCA2 c.6937 + 594T>G and breast cancer risk. PMID: 29356578
  13. The physiological significance of GIPC3 as a genetic interactor of BRCA2 is supported by the observation that Brca2-null embryos with Gipc3 overexpression are developmentally more advanced than their control littermates. This research has uncovered a novel role for GIPC3 as a BRCA2 genetic interactor. PMID: 29021281
  14. BRCA2 mutation carriers have shown earlier onset age of breast tumor and a higher risk of developing contralateral breast cancer in women from Murcia (south-eastern Spain). PMID: 28477318
  15. Comprehensive co-segregation analysis indicates that the newly identified duplication has a pathogenic role and should be considered a disease-causing variant in genetic and oncologic counseling. PMID: 28620890
  16. In a cohort of patients with early-onset breast cancer (EOBC), a contralateral breast cancer was diagnosed in approximately 60% of BRCA1/2 carriers but only in 8% of non-carriers. These findings demonstrate that BRCA1/2 mutations strongly contribute to contralateral disease when breast cancer is diagnosed at an early age. PMID: 27726213
  17. Results indicate that BRCA2 is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer by lncRNA RP11-552M11.4, which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PMID: 29478268
  18. BRCA2 and CHEK2 play a significant role in the genetic susceptibility to urinary tract cancers. PMID: 27632928
  19. The G allele carriers of BRCA2 rs9534275 have been associated with increased serum total cholesterol and ApoB levels in coronary artery disease patients, as well as an elevated risk of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. PMID: 28982360
  20. BRCA2 rs144848 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of cancer. PMID: 28418854
  21. Tumors arising in BRCA2 mutation carriers have shown significantly higher methylation of candidate genes compared to those arising in non-BRCA2 familial MBCs (average AMI 23.6 vs 16.6, p = 0.01, 45% of genes hypermethylated vs 34%, p < 0.01). PMID: 28893223
  22. The role of BRCA2 splicing in acquired chemo-resistance in BRCA2 mutation-associated malignancy has been investigated. PMID: 28617445
  23. Research has revealed frequent BRCA2, EGFR, and NTRK1/2/3 mutations in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers, suggesting personalized medicine strategies to treat patients with advanced disease who may have limited treatment options. PMID: 28591715
  24. A study evaluated a novel mechanism of drug resistance in newly diagnosed, early-stage BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer patients who exhibited a poor response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PMID: 28087643
  25. IGH/MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia cells have decreased BRCA2 levels and are sensitive to PARP1 inhibition alone or in combination with other chemotherapies. This research postulates that IGH/MYC-induced BRCA2 deficiency may predispose Burkitt lymphoma cells to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP1 inhibitors. PMID: 28634224
  26. Meta-analysis has shown that a BRCA2 mutation predicts poor survival outcomes in patients with prostate cancer, particularly in those undergoing radiotherapy. Therefore, the use of BRCA2 mutation as a clinical prognostic factor could help stratify high-risk patients and provide tailored treatment strategies for prostate cancer. PMID: 28410213
  27. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to target and correct a FANCD1 gene deletion, demonstrating the ability to precisely correct a patient mutation in primary FANCD1 cells. PMID: 28613254
  28. Data indicate that the c.1310_1313delAAGA mutation of the BRCA2 gene is recurrent with high frequency in patients from the North-East region of Morocco. PMID: 28577564
  29. Patients with BRCA2 mutations were found to be almost 25 times more likely to have chronic pancreatitis-like changes compared to sex-matched controls. PMID: 28375947
  30. The prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the hotspot regions of BRCA2 was 23% and 6.3%, respectively, in a specific cohort. PMID: 28039656
  31. Two cases of black South African patients with Fanconi anemia diagnosed with biallelic BRCA2 mutations were presented, discussing the phenotypic consequences and implications for the patients and their families. PMID: 28185119
  32. High BRCA2 expression is associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer. PMID: 26959114
  33. IMPACT data suggest an increased risk of onset among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. PMID: 27742670
  34. In patients with very high-risk bladder cancer, several genes had a higher frequency of mutations than reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, including BRCA2. Mutation associations with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, nodal involvement, metastatic disease development, and survival were analyzed. PMID: 27520487
  35. Three patients exhibited biallelic inactivation of BRCA2, a tumor suppressor gene critical for homologous DNA repair. Two patients had germline BRCA2 mutations, while the third patient had somatic BRCA2 homozygous copy loss. Biallelic BRCA2 inactivation in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer warrants further investigation as a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. PMID: 26724258
  36. The current model positions BRCA2 as a central regulator of genome stability by repairing DNA double-strand breaks and limiting replication stress. [review] PMID: 27530658
  37. Growing evidence on the molecular role of BRCA2 protein in homologous recombination of DNA damages suggests that BRCA2-related PDAC are sensitive to agents causing DNA cross-linking damage, such as platinum salts, and treatments targeting rescue DNA repair pathways, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, which are currently under investigation. [review] PMID: 27511924
  38. Data show that BRCA2 was required for HDAC2/3 association with acetylated BubR1 in nocodazole (Noc)-arrested cells. PMID: 28985013
  39. Data demonstrate that mammary epithelial cells are inviable upon BRCA2 loss, leading to replication stress associated with under-replication, resulting in mitotic abnormalities and G1 arrest. PMID: 28904335
  40. An association was observed between six previously published single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs15869 [BRCA2], rs1805389 [LIG4], rs8079544 [TP53], rs25489 [XRCC1], rs1673041 [POLD1], and rs11615 [ERCC1]) and subsequent CNS tumors in survivors of childhood cancer treated with radiation therapy. PMID: 28976792
  41. Patients with Fanconi anemia have a higher incidence of ectopic neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis hypoplasia, platybasia, and other midline central nervous system skull base posterior fossa abnormalities than age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with posterior fossa abnormalities, including pontocerebellar hypoplasia, are more likely to have biallelic BRCA2 mutations. PMID: 28283722
  42. cDNA representing BRCA2 alternate splice sites was amplified. PMID: 27060066
  43. WTIP interacts with BRCA2 and may be responsible for BRCA2 centrosome localization in cervical cancer cells. PMID: 27535760
  44. Founder mutations in BRCA2 contribute to an increased risk of ovarian and breast cancer in the western Danish population. PMID: 26833046
  45. Germline BRCA2 mutations are associated with triple-negative breast cancer. PMID: 27553291
  46. A pathogenic BRCA2 c.68-7T>A mutation has been identified in a Norwegian breast or ovarian cancer cohort. PMID: 27495310
  47. Research has described the architectural plasticity of human BRCA2-RPA-RAD51 complexes in DNA break repair. PMID: 28168276
  48. Findings suggest that the R2787H variant of BRCA2 could potentially have a functional impact. PMID: 27211102
  49. Even if a BRCA2 mutation is already identified within a family, the presence of early-onset breast cancer in non-carriers hampers accurate risk estimates for both mutation carriers and other negative family members. PMID: 28199346
  50. This study detected a monoallelic L1053X mutation causing the same stop codon in the BRCA2 protein sequence at the same position in four Sudanese female breast cancer patients out of nine from different families. PMID: 28814288

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Database Links

HGNC: 1101

OMIM: 114480

KEGG: hsa:675

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000369497

UniGene: Hs.34012

Involvement In Disease
Breast cancer (BC); Pancreatic cancer 2 (PNCA2); Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, 2 (BROVCA2); Fanconi anemia complementation group D1 (FANCD1); Glioma 3 (GLM3)
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome.
Tissue Specificity
Highest levels of expression in breast and thymus, with slightly lower levels in lung, ovary and spleen.

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