Phospho-DPYSL2 (Thr514) Antibody

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Description

Biological Significance of Thr514 Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation of DPYSL2 at Thr514 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) is a regulatory mechanism with cascading effects:

  • Microtubule Destabilization: Phosphorylated CRMP2 loses its ability to bind tubulin, leading to impaired microtubule assembly and axonal degeneration .

  • Disease Links:

    • Alzheimer’s Disease (AD): Hyperphosphorylated CRMP2 aggregates in amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, correlating with synaptic dysfunction .

    • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Suppressing Thr514 phosphorylation delays motor symptom progression in SOD1 G93A mouse models .

    • Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Elevated CRMP2 phosphorylation post-injury exacerbates axonal degeneration and inflammation .

Neurological Disease Models

  • High-Throughput Screening: Used in human iPSC-derived neurons to quantify CRMP2 phosphorylation changes under GSK3β inhibition (e.g., lithium or CHIR-99021) .

  • Therapeutic Development: Identified compounds that reduce Thr514 phosphorylation mimic lithium’s effects in attenuating neuropathic pain and hyperlocomotion .

Mechanistic Insights

  • Tubulin Interaction: Phosphorylation at Thr514 disrupts CRMP2’s binding to β-tubulin’s E-hook domain via charge repulsion, destabilizing microtubules .

  • Immune Cell Infiltration: In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), DPYSL2 expression correlates with immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD4+ T cells, macrophages), though Thr514’s role here remains unexplored .

Clinical and Experimental Validation

  • Specificity: The antibody detects endogenous CRMP2 only when phosphorylated at Thr514, validated via knockout/knockin models and competitive assays .

  • Functional Studies:

    • In SCI models, blocking Thr514 phosphorylation reduced inflammation and promoted axonal regeneration .

    • In ALS, genetic suppression of Thr514 phosphorylation preserved motor neuron integrity .

Product Specs

Form
Supplied at 1.0mg/mL in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Lead Time
Generally, we can ship the products within 1-3 business days after receiving your orders. Delivery time may vary depending on the purchasing method or location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery time details.
Synonyms
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 antibody; Collapsin response mediator protein antibody; Collapsin response mediator protein hCRMP 2 antibody; CRAM antibody; CRMP 2 antibody; CRMP-2 antibody; CRMP2 antibody; DHPRP 2 antibody; DHPRP2 antibody; Dihydropyrimidinase 2 antibody; Dihydropyrimidinase like 2 antibody; Dihydropyrimidinase like 2 long form antibody; Dihydropyrimidinase related protein 2 antibody; Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 antibody; DPYL 2 antibody; DPYL2 antibody; DPYL2_HUMAN antibody; DPYSL 2 antibody; Dpysl2 antibody; DRP-2 antibody; DRP2 antibody; Musunc 33 antibody; Musunc33 antibody; N2A3 antibody; TOAD 64 antibody; TOAD64 antibody; ULIP 2 protein antibody; ULIP-2 antibody; Ulip2 antibody; Unc-33-like phosphoprotein 2 antibody
Target Names
DPYSL2
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) plays a crucial role in neuronal development and polarity, encompassing processes like axon growth and guidance, neuronal growth cone collapse, and cell migration. It is essential for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent cytoskeletal remodeling. Additionally, CRMP2 may be involved in endocytosis.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. A study found that the interplay between distinct CRMP2 posttranslational modifications is a key factor in determining the trafficking and localization of NaV1.7. (PMID: 27940916)
  2. The crystal structure of human tetrameric CRMP-2 has been elucidated. (PMID: 28044206)
  3. Elevated levels of phosphorylated CRMP2 (pCRMP2) may be a contributing factor to the axonal pathology observed in Lewy body dementias. (PMID: 27609071)
  4. Research indicates that CDK5 activation induces CRMP2A phosphorylation in the nuclei of tumor cells, suggesting a novel oncogenic mechanism. (PMID: 26555036)
  5. Polymorphisms in the DPYSL2 gene in humans might be associated with the development of schizophrenia. (PMID: 25847191)
  6. Functional variants in the DPYSL2 sequence increase the risk of schizophrenia and suggest a link to mTOR signaling. (PMID: 25416705)
  7. Alterations in CRMP2, TCP1epsilon, TPM2, and 14-3-3gamma were confirmed in experimental tumors and in a series of 28 human SI-NETs. (PMID: 25224486)
  8. Reduced CRMP2 expression and elevated expression of nuclear phosphorylated CRMP2 may be associated with breast cancer progression. (PMID: 23381229)
  9. Levels of total GSK3 were decreased in the Huntington disease-affected frontal cortex, which correlated with decreased phosphorylated CRMP2. (PMID: 24634145)
  10. High dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 expression is associated with lung cancer. (PMID: 24518087)
  11. Genetic variants in DPYSL2 may play a role in susceptibility to alcohol dependence. (PMID: 23846846)
  12. A specific and reversible intermolecular Cys-504-Cys-504 dithiol-disulfide switch in homotetrameric CRMP2 determines two conformations of the quaternary CRMP2 complex, which controls axonal outgrowth and neuronal development. (PMID: 24133216)
  13. CRMP-2-dependent regulation of ROCK II activity is mediated through interaction of the CRMP-2L N terminus with the ROCK II catalytic domain and by GSK3-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2. (PMID: 24036111)
  14. A novel regulatory mechanism utilizing CRMP2 SUMOylation orchestrates NaV1.7 trafficking. (PMID: 23836888)
  15. Research provides insight into CRMP-2 as a controller of myosin II-mediated cellular functions through the inhibition of ROCK II in nonneuronal cells. (PMID: 22431514)
  16. No Alzheimer disease-associated differences in CNP and DPYSL2 promoter DNA methylation were observed. (PMID: 22954668)
  17. Deletion analysis of CRMP-2 identified a 51 amino acid sequence in the C-terminus that is required for targeting to the basal body and primary cilium. This domain contains GSK-3beta phosphorylation sites. (PMID: 23185275)
  18. High levels of nuclear phosphorylated CRMP-2 are associated with lung cancer. (PMID: 23023514)
  19. CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation is specific to Alzheimer's disease and is not a common event in all forms of dementia and neurodegeneration, particularly other tauopathies. (PMID: 21860090)
  20. Findings suggest a significant role of phosphorylated CRMP-2 in process retraction induced by reactive oxygen species. (PMID: 22443207)
  21. HTLV-1 has the ability to influence the CRMP2/PI3K/Akt axis, positively controlling cytoskeleton organization and lymphocyte migration. (PMID: 22227566)
  22. CRMP2 regulates dendritic projection, and phosphorylation of CRMP2 at Ser522 is essential for proper dendritic field organization, axonal guidance, and spine development. (PMID: 22279220)
  23. This review discusses the essential biology of CRMP2 in the context of emerging data that implicates CRMP2 perturbations as either a correlate of or a potential contributor to diverse neuropathologies. (PMID: 21271304)
  24. Data support DPYSL2 and the surrounding genomic region as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. (PMID: 21302347)
  25. Research provides the first trafficking regulatory role for Crmp2 in non-neuronal cells, supporting a model where Crmp2 is a crucial endocytic regulatory protein that links MICAL-L1.EHD1-based vesicular transport to dynein motors. (PMID: 20801876)
  26. DPYSL2 does not have a major function in schizophrenia in Japanese subjects. (PMID: 20414250)
  27. CRMP2, as a direct tubulin binder, may function as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) of tubulin during neurite formation, and its GAP activity might be regulated by an intramolecular interaction with an N-terminal inhibitory region. (PMID: 19666111)
  28. Aberrant expression of dihydropyrimidinase related proteins-2,-3, and -4 was observed in fetal Down syndrome brain. (PMID: 11771764)
  29. No significant associations were found between five polymorphisms of the DRP-2 gene and Bipolar Disorder, nor were associations detected between either of the polymorphisms and bipolar subtypes I and II. (PMID: 12951196)
  30. Research shows that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances CRMP-2 expression in TGW human neuroblastoma cells through activation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. (PMID: 15207709)
  31. A significant decrease in crmp-2 protein may represent or underlie impaired neuronal plasticity, neurodegeneration, and brain wiring in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. (PMID: 15672539)
  32. CRMP-2 transports the Sra-1/WAVE1 complex to axons in a kinesin-1-dependent manner, regulating axon outgrowth and formation. (PMID: 16260607)
  33. Collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) transcriptional activity is inhibited by all-trans-retinoic acid during SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell differentiation. (PMID: 17229153)
  34. Findings indicate that hyperphosphorylation of CRMP2 is an early event in the development of Alzheimer's Disease and suggest it can be induced by severe APP over-expression or processing defects. (PMID: 17683481)
  35. Results suggest that CRMP-2 may be a novel colorectal cancer biomarker. (PMID: 18203259)
  36. The association of neurofibromin and CRMP-2 is essential for neuronal cell differentiation. (PMID: 18218617)
  37. Relative resistance to phosphatases might be a common feature of Cdk5 substrates and could contribute to the hyperphosphorylation of CRMP2 and Tau observed in Alzheimer's disease. (PMID: 18460467)
  38. Data indicate that collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) is a novel calmodulin-binding protein and that CaM binding may play a crucial role in regulating CRMP-2 functions. (PMID: 19151921)
  39. Given that CRMP-2 is a key regulator of axon elongation, this interference with cytoplasmic dynein function by CRMP-2 might have a significant role in axon formation and neuronal development. (PMID: 19659462)
  40. A significant association was found between a single nucleotide polymorphism of the DRP-2 gene and schizophrenia in a North American sample. (PMID: 15858820)

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Database Links

HGNC: 3014

OMIM: 602463

KEGG: hsa:1808

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000309539

UniGene: Hs.593187

Protein Families
Metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily, Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Membrane. Note=Tightly but non-covalently associated with membranes.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous.

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