Phospho-EIF2S1 (Ser51) Antibody
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Description
Introduction
The Phospho-EIF2S1 (Ser51) antibody is a highly specific immunological reagent designed to detect phosphorylated serine residue 51 of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S1), a critical regulator of protein synthesis. This phosphorylation event is central to the integrated stress response (ISR), a cellular adaptation mechanism triggered by stressors such as nutrient deprivation, viral infection, or mitochondrial damage .
Product Overview
Multiple commercial variants of the antibody exist, differing in host species, clonality, and application compatibility. Key features of prominent products are summarized below:
| Product | Host/Isotype | Clonality | Applications | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28740-1-AP (Proteintech) | Rabbit/IgG | Polyclonal | WB, IHC, ELISA | Human, mouse, rat, pig, chicken |
| ab32157 (Abcam) | Rabbit/IgG | Monoclonal | WB, Dot Blot, IHC-P | Human, mouse, rat, Neurospora crassa |
| 68023-1-Ig (Proteintech) | Mouse/IgG1 | Monoclonal | WB, IF/ICC, FC (Intra), ELISA | Human, mouse, rat |
| PTR1316 (St John's Labs) | Mouse/IgG2bk | Monoclonal | WB, ELISA | Human, mouse, rat |
Applications and Performance
Western Blot (WB):
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28740-1-AP: Validated in calyculin A-treated PC-3 cells; recommended dilution 1:1,000–8,000 .
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ab32157: Demonstrated specificity in multi-tissue microarray (TMA) validation .
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68023-1-Ig: Detects phosphorylated EIF2S1 in HEK-293, HeLa, and NIH/3T3 cells .
Immunofluorescence (IF):
Flow Cytometry (FC):
Reactivity and Cross-Species Utility
The antibody exhibits broad reactivity across mammalian species:
Published Research and Citations
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ab32157: Cited in >270 publications, including studies on stress granule formation and mitochondrial damage-induced mitophagy .
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68023-1-Ig: Supports research in ISR pathways and amino acid starvation models .
Protocols and Handling
Product Specs
Form
Supplied at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, containing 150 mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide, and 50% glycerol.
Lead Time
Orders are typically shipped within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery times may vary depending on the shipping method and destination. Please contact your local distributor for precise delivery estimates.
Synonyms
EIF 2 alpha antibody; EIF 2 antibody; EIF 2A antibody; EIF 2alpha antibody; eIF-2-alpha antibody; eIF-2A antibody; EIF-2alpha antibody; EIF2 alpha antibody; EIF2 antibody; EIF2A antibody; EIF2S1 antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 alpha 35kDa antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 alpha antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha antibody; IF2A_HUMAN antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
Phospho-EIF2S1 (Ser51) antibody targets the phosphorylated form of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α) at serine 51. eIF2α plays a critical role in the early stages of protein synthesis. It forms a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA, which then binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit. Subsequently, mRNA binds to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. The 60S ribosomal subunit joins to create the 80S initiation complex, a process preceded by GTP hydrolysis from the eIF2α-GTP complex and the release of an eIF2α-GDP binary complex. eIF2B catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP, enabling eIF2α recycling and subsequent rounds of initiation. Furthermore, eIF2α is a crucial component of the integrated stress response (ISR). Phosphorylation of eIF2α by stress-sensing kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK, and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to various stressors inhibits global protein synthesis via attenuation of cap-dependent translation. This concurrently initiates preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, including transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, facilitating ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated cellular reprogramming.
Gene References Into Functions
Numerous studies highlight the significance of eIF2α phosphorylation in various biological processes and disease states. Key findings include:
- Prognostic biomarker in breast cancer: Elevated p-eIF2α levels correlate with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. PMID: 28294178
- Role in stress granule assembly: Hypusine-eIF5A-mediated translation elongation influences stress granule formation under cellular stress. PMID: 20376341
- Biomarker in immunogenic cell death: eIF2α phosphorylation is implicated as a potential biomarker in immunogenic cell death. PMID: 25749194
- GADD34 scaffolding function: GADD34 acts as a scaffold protein, interacting with both PP1 and eIF2α. PMID: 26095357
- Embryonic stem cell growth regulation: eIF2α phosphorylation is linked to embryonic stem cell growth factor signaling. PMID: 26406898
- Response to NAMPT inhibition: eIF2α phosphorylation is an early event in response to NAMPT inhibition, leading to protein synthesis arrest. PMID: 26542945
- Doxorubicin resistance: eIF2α dephosphorylation by GADD34 contributes to doxorubicin resistance. PMID: 26743901
- Newcastle disease virus infection: Sustained eIF2α phosphorylation contributes to Newcastle disease virus-induced translation shutoff. PMID: 26869028
- Placental choriocarcinoma: eIF2α signaling is involved in placental choriocarcinoma cell viability and apoptosis. PMID: 26917260
- Nicotine response: Phosphorylated-eIF2α regulates synaptic effects of nicotine, influencing susceptibility to nicotine addiction. PMID: 26928076
- Neurodegenerative diseases: eIF2α phosphorylation is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 26994324
- Chronic myeloid leukemia: Increased eIF2α phosphorylation stimulates matrix modifying enzyme secretion in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID: 27802179
- Stress-resistant translation of c-Src mRNA: eIF2α mediates stress-resistant translation of c-Src mRNA. PMID: 27899592
- Dystonia pathogenesis: Impaired eIF2α signaling is implicated in dystonia pathogenesis. PMID: 27939583
- Russell body formation: eIF2α phosphorylation contributes to Russell body formation and reduced IgG secretion. PMID: 28379093
- IL24 regulation of translation: IL24 inhibits translation through eIF2α phosphorylation and 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation. PMID: 28461326
- eukaryotic elongation factor 2 in lung cancer: eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) plays a role in lung squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion. PMID: 27542262
- Role in globin mRNA splicing: PKR activation and eIF2α phosphorylation are involved in human globin mRNA splicing. PMID: 28374749
- eIF2B interaction with eIF2α: eIF2Bα and eIF2Bβ bind to adjacent sites on eIF2α N-terminal domains. PMID: 29036434
- eIF5-mimic protein (5MP) function: 5MP represses non-AUG translation by competing with eIF5 for eIF2 binding. PMID: 28981728
- PERK regulation of radioresistance: PERK regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma via NF-κB activation and eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 28418119
- Noncoding RNA 886 regulation of PKR: The stem-loop of ncRNA 886 inhibits PKR autophosphorylation and eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 28069888
- eIF5 and 5MP overexpression: Overexpression of eIF5 and 5MP induces ATF4 translation. PMID: 27325740
- Chlamydia trachomatis infection: eIF2 and mTOR are implicated in host cell response to *Chlamydia trachomatis* infection. PMID: 27134121
- Osteoblast differentiation: The PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway is involved in osteoblast differentiation under mechanical stress. PMID: 27079961
- ER stress and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: ER stress, assessed by PERK and p-eIF2α expression, is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HER2-positive breast cancer. PMID: 27272779
- miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p regulation of ER stress: miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p target eIF2α, inhibiting the p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pro-apoptotic pathway. PMID: 26898246
- OLA1 function in cancer: OLA1 is a translational GTPase with a suppressive role in translation, cell survival, and cancer progression. PMID: 26283179
- eIF2-bound GTP hydrolysis: Delays in eIF2-bound GTP hydrolysis alter the distribution of initiation complexes. PMID: 26717981
- Nox4 regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation: Nox4 inhibits PP1 activity to increase eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 levels. PMID: 26742780
- Classical swine fever virus infection: CSFV infection increases eIF2α phosphorylation and PKR activation. PMID: 25899421
- Hypoxia-induced translational attenuation: eIF2α phosphorylation plays a role in hypoxia-induced translational attenuation. PMID: 12370288
- Brain reperfusion: PERK mediates eIF2α phosphorylation during brain reperfusion. PMID: 12687390
- I-1 regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation: I-1 regulates eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 15345721
- eIF2α kinase activation: Tyrosine phosphorylation activates eIF2α kinase. PMID: 16373505
- Ebp1 inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation: Ebp1 inhibits eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 16631606
- eIF2α phosphorylation and apoptosis: eIF2α phosphorylation mediates apoptosis. PMID: 16717090
- Stress granule formation: Stress granule formation can occur via eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent and -independent pathways. PMID: 16870703
- PS-341-induced Noxa expression: eIF2α is essential for PS-341-induced Noxa expression. PMID: 16928686
- Mitochondrial apoptosis regulation: Stress-induced eIF2α phosphorylation regulates mitochondrial apoptosis via MCL-1 repression. PMID: 17553788
- Dependovirus infection: PKR/eIF2α activation is a feature of Dependovirus infection. PMID: 17715234
- Cyclin D1 degradation: PKR and PERK induce cyclin D1 degradation via eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 18063576
- ATF4 and ATF5 regulation: ATF4 regulates ATF5 transcription, and eIF2 kinases regulate multiple transcription factors via delayed translation reinitiation. PMID: 18195013
- MEK enhancement of GCN2-dependent eIF2α phosphorylation: MEK enhances GCN2-dependent eIF2α phosphorylation. PMID: 18287093
- GADD34 stability and eIF2α dephosphorylation: Proteasomal inhibitors enhance GADD34 stability and eIF2α dephosphorylation. PMID: 18794359
- GADD34 translation regulation: GADD34 translation is regulated by a unique 5'UTR uORF mechanism. PMID: 19131336
- Therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma: Maintaining hyperphosphorylated eIF2α may be a therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma. PMID: 19190324
- RITA treatment and HIF-1α downregulation: RITA treatment increases eIF2α phosphorylation and downregulates HIF-1α. PMID: 19223463
- UV-induced eIF2α phosphorylation: UV induces eIF2α phosphorylation via PERK and GCN2 activation. PMID: 19586904
- Adenovirus infection: The E1B-55K/E4orf6 complex regulates eIF2α phosphorylation in adenovirus-infected cells. PMID: 19605483
Database Links
Protein Families
EIF-2-alpha family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm, Stress granule.
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