Phospho-FER (Y402) Antibody
Description
Target Overview: FER Tyrosine Kinase
FER (feline encephalitis virus-related kinase) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in:
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Immune response modulation via B-cell and T-cell signaling .
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Oncogenic signaling pathways, particularly in colon and hepatic carcinomas .
Phosphorylation at Y402 is a key activation marker, enabling interactions with downstream signaling proteins like SRC and MDM2 .
Antibody Development and Specificity
Phospho-FER (Y402) antibodies are typically raised in rabbits using synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to the Y402 region . Key validation steps include:
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Western blotting: Detects ~85–95 kDa bands in human and mouse lysates .
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes phosphorylated FER in formalin-fixed tissues, such as brain and carcinoma samples .
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Preabsorption controls: Phosphopeptide preincubation abolishes signal, confirming specificity .
Technical Validation and Controls
To ensure reliability, manufacturers employ rigorous validation:
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Phosphatase treatment: Alkaline phosphatase pretreatment reduces antibody binding, confirming phosphorylation dependence .
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Genetic controls: Knockout cell lines or tissues show no signal .
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Cross-reactivity: No reactivity with dephosphorylated FER or unrelated phosphoproteins (e.g., ERK1/2) .
Cancer Biology
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Mechanistic studies: Phospho-FER (Y402) antibodies identify hyperactivation in colon carcinoma metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines .
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Therapeutic targeting: Used to evaluate kinase inhibitor efficacy in preclinical models .
Immunology
Neurology
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Neurodegeneration: Investigates FER’s role in tau phosphorylation and Alzheimer’s disease pathways .
Key Research Findings
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Oncogenic role: Elevated Y402 phosphorylation correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer .
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Crosstalk with SRC: Phospho-FER (Y402) recruits SRC to focal adhesions, promoting cell invasion .
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Inflammatory pathways: Mediates macrophage polarization and cytokine production in murine models .
Limitations and Considerations
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Fixation sensitivity: Prolonged formalin fixation may mask epitopes, requiring optimized retrieval protocols .
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Batch variability: Polyclonal antibodies may exhibit lot-to-lot differences .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Target Background
- Actin cytoskeleton regulation
- Microtubule assembly
- Lamellipodia formation
- Cell adhesion
- Cell migration and chemotaxis
Phospho-FER (Y402) Antibody acts downstream of EGFR, KIT, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB, promoting activation of NF-kappa-B and cell proliferation. It also contributes to the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, insulin receptor signaling pathway, and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
In mast cells, Phospho-FER (Y402) Antibody functions downstream of the activated FCER1 receptor, playing a role in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling. It regulates mast cell degranulation and participates in leukocyte recruitment and diapedesis in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
In the nervous system, Phospho-FER (Y402) Antibody contributes to synapse organization, trafficking of synaptic vesicles, generation of excitatory postsynaptic currents, and neuron-neuron synaptic transmission. It also plays a role in neuronal cell death following brain damage.
Phospho-FER (Y402) Antibody phosphorylates various proteins, including CTTN, CTNND1, PTK2/FAK1, GAB1, PECAM1, PTPN11, JUP, PTPN1, and STAT3. Its phosphorylation of STAT3 is dependent on cell type and stimulus.
- Research indicates that E260 disrupts FER tyrosine kinase (Fer/FerT) activity, selectively inducing metabolic stress in cancer cells by impairing mitochondrial function and morphology. PMID: 29038547
- A model for FER regulation has been proposed, based on an intramolecular interaction and curvature-dependent membrane binding mediated by its intrinsically disordered region. PMID: 29208465
- The MAN2A1-FER fusion, expressed in numerous human tumor types and cancer cell lines, enhances proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells and exhibits liver oncogenic activity in mice. PMID: 28245430
- Fer acts as a crucial mediator and amplifier of Src-induced tumor progression. PMID: 25867068
- FER encodes a cytosolic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that influences neutrophil chemotaxis and endothelial permeability. PMID: 25533491
- Fer contributes to aberrant androgen receptor signaling through pSTAT3 cross-talk during castrate-resistant prostate cancer progression. PMID: 23906537
- The detection of PJA2-FER fusion mRNA is associated with poor postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer. PMID: 23931849
- Studies indicate that Fer kinase is elevated in non-small cell lung cancer tumors and plays a significant role in cellular invasion and metastasis. PMID: 23699534
- FER kinase promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating alpha6- and beta1-integrin-dependent cell adhesion and anoikis resistance. PMID: 23873028
- Fer expression correlates with renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and with tumor progression and survival. PMID: 23445469
- Fer, a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in the synthesis of laminin-binding glycans on alpha-DG. PMID: 22238358
- Transcription of the ferT gene in CC cells is driven by an intronic promoter located in intron 10 of the fer gene and is regulated by the Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) transcription factor. PMID: 22223638
- The A allele of SNP rs10447248 in the FER locus is nominally associated with lower MMW (P = 0.016) but not with LMW (P > 0.05) adiponectin levels. PMID: 21700879
- Overexpression of FER from a cDNA confers quinacrine resistance to various cancer cell lines. PMID: 21518868
- Tyrosine phosphorylation of RhoGDIalpha by Fer acts as a mechanism to regulate binding of RhoGDIalpha to Rac. PMID: 21122136
- FER plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PMID: 19835603
- A review focusing on the biological functions of Fps/Fes and Fer. PMID: 11994747
- Fps/Fes and Fer are expressed in human and mouse platelets and are activated following stimulation with collagen and collagen-related peptide (CRP), suggesting a role in GPVI receptor signaling. PMID: 12871378
- Fer acts as a regulator of cell-cycle progression in malignant cells, making it a potential target for cancer intervention. PMID: 16732323
- FerT coexists in the acroplaxome with phosphorylated cortactin, a regulator of F-actin dynamics [Fer testis]. PMID: 18985748
- Fer tyrosine kinase levels correlate with the development of prostate cancer and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer cell lines. PMID: 19147545
- Research suggests that Fer may facilitate a bypass of focal adhesion kinase-related cell anchorage dependency for intracellular signal transduction in hepatocytes. PMID: 19339212
- Overexpression of Fer enhances lamellipodia formation and cell migration in a manner dependent on PLD activity and the PA-FX interaction. PMID: 19738202
