Phospho-PLD1 (S561) Antibody

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Description

Antibody Specificity and Validation

Phospho-PLD1 (Ser561) Antibody selectively recognizes PLD1 phosphorylated at Ser561 and does not cross-react with phosphorylated PLD2 isoforms . Key validation data include:

ParameterDetails
Target EpitopeSynthesized peptide derived from human PLD1 around Ser561 (AA 527–576) .
Host SpeciesRabbit
ReactivityHuman, Mouse, Rat
Molecular Weight~120–124 kDa
Cross-ReactivityNo detection of PLD2

Applications and Protocols

This antibody is validated for multiple experimental techniques, with optimized dilution ranges:

ApplicationDilutionKey Use Cases
Western Blot (WB)1:1000 Detects endogenous phospho-PLD1 in cell lysates .
Immunohistochemistry1:100–1:300 Localizes phospho-PLD1 in tissue sections .
Immunofluorescence1:200–1:1000 Visualizes subcellular PLD1 phosphorylation .
ELISA1:10,000 Quantifies phospho-PLD1 levels in biological samples .

Biological Relevance of Ser561 Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation of PLD1 at Ser561 is a key regulatory mechanism:

  • PKC-Mediated Regulation: Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates PLD1 at Ser561, Thr147, and Ser2, modulating its enzymatic activity . Phosphorylation at Ser561 and Thr147 enhances PLD1’s role in signal transduction pathways .

  • Functional Impact: This modification influences PLD1’s interaction with downstream effectors, such as ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases, to regulate vesicular trafficking and lipid metabolism .

  • Cellular Context: Phospho-PLD1 activity is upregulated during stress conditions, contributing to autophagy and tumorigenesis .

Research Findings Using Phospho-PLD1 (Ser561) Antibody

Key studies leveraging this antibody have revealed:

  • Kinetic Modulation: PKC increases PLD1’s substrate binding affinity (K<sub>m</sub>) and catalytic efficiency (k<sub>cat</sub>) through interactions at N- and C-terminal domains .

  • Downstream Signaling: Phospho-PLD1-generated phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) activates mTOR and Akt kinases, linking PLD1 to metabolic regulation .

  • Pathophysiological Roles: Elevated PLD1 phosphorylation is observed in cancer models, suggesting therapeutic targeting potential .

Product Specs

Buffer
The antibody is provided as a liquid solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.02% sodium azide as a preservative.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your order within 1-3 business days of receiving it. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchasing method and location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery timeframes.
Synonyms
Choline phosphatase 1 antibody; hPLD1 antibody; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D1 antibody; Phospholipase D1 antibody; PLD 1 antibody; PLD1 antibody; PLD1_HUMAN antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) functions as a phospholipase with selectivity for phosphatidylcholine. It plays a crucial role in numerous cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and the regulation of mitosis. PLD1 is also implicated in the regulation of perinuclear intravesicular membrane traffic.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. Lower PLD1 expression and higher ICAT expression have been significantly associated with improved survival rates in colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 28939743
  2. Research findings highlight an unexpected role for alpha-synuclein in PLD regulation: downregulation of PLD1 may be an early mechanism in the initial stages of neurodegeneration triggered by wild-type alpha-synuclein. PMID: 29571767
  3. A study has shown significant downregulation of PLD1 in all multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to controls. PMID: 28229303
  4. Simultaneously high expression of PLD1 and Sp1 is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PMID: 27713167
  5. In the hearts of PLD1 knockout mice, researchers observed marked tricuspid regurgitation, right atrial enlargement, and increased flow velocity. Additionally, the leaflets of the pulmonic valve were found to be narrowed and thickened. These findings support a role for PLD1 in normal heart valvulogenesis. PMID: 27799408
  6. PLD1, through its regulation of protein kinase C-epsilon, protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from damage induced by lipopolysaccharide. PMID: 27793751
  7. Research findings suggest a novel role of PLD1 in maintaining cancer cell survival during metabolic stress. PMID: 27809301
  8. PLD expression in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma may play a role in mediating progression to effusions and chemoresistance. PMID: 28087476
  9. Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C downregulates CXCR4 expression and interferes with proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis in glioma cells. PMID: 28423060
  10. Data suggest that PLD expression in allergic disorders, including asthma pathogenesis, may have a variety of potential roles. PMID: 26335962
  11. Research findings reveal a novel role of the PLD1-pleckstrin homology domain as a positive regulator of endocytosis and establish a link between PLD1 and HIF-1alpha in the EGFR endocytosis pathway. PMID: 26680696
  12. MicroRNA-638 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting phospholipase D1 in human gastric carcinoma. PMID: 26250158
  13. These observations define a novel function of PLD1 as a previously unrecognized HIF-1alpha regulator. PMID: 25361009
  14. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on phospholipase D (PLD) trafficking and activity in mast cells has been investigated. PMID: 23698760
  15. Overexpression of PED/PEA-15 is sufficient to block hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in Ins-1E cells through a PLD-1 mediated mechanism. PMID: 25489735
  16. Insufficient PLD1 activity, and the associated changes in phospholipid compositions within membranes, may be a contributing factor to impaired autophagic processes and protein accumulation in Lewy body diseases. PMID: 24632948
  17. Results indicate distinctive roles of phospholipase D isoforms PLD1 and PLD2 in pathological conditions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). PMID: 25172550
  18. Phospholipase D is involved in the formation of Golgi-associated clathrin-coated vesicles in human parotid duct cells. PMID: 24618697
  19. PLCdelta1 possesses tumor-suppressive functions in colorectal cancer through induction of E-cadherin. PMID: 25197077
  20. Downregulation of Chk-alpha with siRNA increased PLD1 expression, while downregulation of PLD1 increased Chk-alpha expression. PMID: 24556997
  21. Ectopic expression of PLD1 or PLD2 in human glioma U87 cells resulted in increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha protein. PMID: 25523098
  22. PLD1 plays crucial roles in cancer cell growth and metastasis. PMID: 24990946
  23. PlD1 and PLD2 are implicated in cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PMID: 24103483
  24. Suppression of PLD1 activity prevents FAM83B-mediated transformation. PMID: 23912460
  25. This study indicates that PLD1 plays a role in regulating type I collagen accumulation through the induction of autophagy. PMID: 24802400
  26. Chemokine unresponsiveness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes is attributed to the failure of Arf1/phospholipase D1-mediated translocation of Rap1 to the plasma membrane for GTP loading. This may be a specific characteristic of anergy induced by DNA antigens. PMID: 23804711
  27. The direct association of PLD1 with the carboxy-terminal tail domain of the 5-HT2A receptor selectively disrupts its PLD signaling pathway. PMID: 23314176
  28. These results suggest that protein kinase D (PKD) is downstream of PLD and propose that PKD is one of the mechanisms by which PLD promotes aldosterone production in response to AngII in adrenal glomerulosa cells. PMID: 23178798
  29. The hydrophobic amino acids involved in the interdomain association of PLD1 are crucial for its vesicular localization and influence its nuclear localization. PMID: 22824913
  30. PLD1 in the tumor environment promotes tumor growth and metastasis. PMID: 23131846
  31. Diacylglycerol stimulates acrosomal exocytosis by feeding into a PKC- and PLD1-dependent positive loop that continuously supplies phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. PMID: 22609963
  32. PLD acts as a significant regulator in Bcl-2 expression by activating STAT3, involving the phosphorylation of Ser727 through the PLA(2)/G(i)/ERK1/2, RhoA/ROCK/p38 MAPK, and Rac1/p38 MAPK pathways. PMID: 22504301
  33. Stx1B and Stx2B induce acute VWF secretion in a PLD1-dependent manner, but they differentially modulate PKCalpha, RhoA, and ADP-ribosylation factor 6. PMID: 22718838
  34. Studies suggest that phospholipase D (PLD) acts as a mediator of nutrients to mTORC1. PMID: 22457329
  35. Amino acids stimulate PLD1 translocation to the lysosomal region, where mTORC1 activation occurs in an hVps34-dependent manner. This translocation is essential for mTORC1 activation. PMID: 22024166
  36. Activation of PLD1 contributes to IL-15-mediated osteoclastogenesis via the MAPKs and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. PMID: 21620893
  37. Host cell PLD1 and PLD2 accompany A. fumigatus conidia during internalization. PMID: 21760893
  38. Results indicate that PLD activation is required for PMA-stimulated respiratory burst. PMID: 20158570
  39. The activation with overexpression of components of the mTORC2-PLD1 pathway in ULMS and, to a lesser extent, in STUMP provides insights into their tumorigenic mechanisms. PMID: 21326806
  40. The PLD1/PA-mTORC2 signal pathway is overactivated in endometrial carcinomas. PMID: 21228924
  41. Nuclear localization of phospholipase D1 mediates the activation of nuclear protein kinase C(alpha) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. PMID: 21113078
  42. AMPK-mediated PLD1 activation is required for (14)C-glucose uptake through ERK stimulation. PMID: 20231899
  43. Data show that formylpeptides induce sequential activation of AKT, ERK1/2, and PLD, representing a novel signaling pathway. PMID: 20693286
  44. PLD isozyme acts as a novel transcriptional target and positive feedback regulator of Wnt signaling, promoting Wnt-driven anchorage-independent growth of colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 20711340
  45. Data demonstrate a functional relationship between phospholipases D1/2 and MAP kinases in the human HeLa carcinoma cell line. PMID: 19896495
  46. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced PLD1 expression via NFkappaB may enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. PMID: 20188462
  47. Upregulated phospholipase D1 is associated with a positive feedback loop to reinforce the Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF signaling in neoplasms. PMID: 20442281
  48. This research reveals a novel regulatory mechanism in PLD1 functioning, particularly in the context of subcellular trafficking between different membrane compartments. PMID: 20189990
  49. Temporal regulation of EGFR endocytosis is achieved by auto-regulatory PLD1, which senses receptor activation and triggers the translocation of AP2 near the activated receptor. PMID: 19763255
  50. Alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipase D isozymes and inhibits pervanadate-induced phospholipase D activation in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. PMID: 11821392

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Database Links

HGNC: 9067

OMIM: 212093

KEGG: hsa:5337

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000342793

UniGene: Hs.382865

Involvement In Disease
Cardiac valvular defect, developmental (CVDD)
Protein Families
Phospholipase D family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Golgi apparatus membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Late endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed abundantly in the pancreas and heart and at high levels in brain, placenta, spleen, uterus and small intestine.

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