Phospho-RPA2 (T21) Antibody
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Description
R&D Systems Phospho-RPA2 (T21) Antibody (AF6654)
Western Blot Data:
| Sample Type | Treatment | Detection |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa cells | Camptothecin (1 µM, 1h) | Band at ~40 kDa |
| U2OS cells | Camptothecin (1 µM, 1h) | Band at ~40 kDa |
This antibody demonstrates high specificity for phosphorylated RPA2, with minimal cross-reactivity in untreated controls .
Boster Bio Phospho-RPA32 (T21) Antibody (A02067T21-1)
Molecular Weight:
Applications:
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Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are inferred based on similar antibody panels .
Role in Replication Stress Biomarkers
Phospho-RPA2 (T21) is a marker of replication stress, which correlates with clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. A 2024 study (n = 244 patients) demonstrated that tumors with high pRPA2 foci (>16% cells with ≥2 foci) exhibited improved survival when treated with platinum chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors .
Key Findings:
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Platinum Chemotherapy: HR-proficient, pRPA2-High tumors achieved higher pathologic complete response rates (p < 0.01) compared to pRPA2-Low tumors .
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PARP Inhibitors: pRPA2-High status predicted longer survival (HR = 0.53, p < 0.005) in recurrent tumors .
Mechanistic Insights
Phosphorylation of RPA2 at T21 and S33 sites facilitates replication fork adaptation under stress. Mutations at these sites (T21A/S33A) impair DNA synthesis during replication stress, leading to increased single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and apoptosis .
Experimental Data:
Product Specs
Buffer
Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship the products within 1-3 business days after receiving your orders. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchase method or location. For specific delivery time estimates, please consult your local distributors.
Synonyms
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 antibody; AA409079 antibody; AI325195 antibody; AU020965 antibody; ik:tdsubc_2g1 antibody; M(2)21C antibody; MGC137236 antibody; OTTHUMP00000004008 antibody; p32 antibody; p34 antibody; RCJMB04_6d17 replication protein A2; 32kDa antibody; REPA2 antibody; Replication factor A protein 2 antibody; Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit antibody; Replication protein A 32kDa subunit antibody; Replication protein A 34 kDa subunit antibody; Replication protein A antibody; Replication Protein A2 (32kDa) antibody; Replication protein A2 antibody; Replication protein A2; 32kDa antibody; RF-A protein 2 antibody; Rf-A2 antibody; RFA antibody; RFA2_HUMAN antibody; RP-A p32 antibody; RP-A p34 antibody; RP21C antibody; RPA 2 antibody; RPA 32 antibody; RPA antibody; Rpa2 antibody; RPA32 antibody; RPA34 antibody; RpLP1 antibody; RpP2 antibody; xx:tdsubc_2g1 antibody; zgc:109822 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
As a component of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), this antibody binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates. These intermediates are formed during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. The antibody prevents their reannealing and concurrently, recruits and activates various proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Consequently, it plays a crucial role in both DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex regulates DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through the recruitment of ATRIP, it activates the ATR kinase, a key regulator of the DNA damage response. It is essential for the recruitment of DNA double-strand break repair factors RAD51 and RAD52 to chromatin in response to DNA damage. It also recruits proteins like XPA and XPG, involved in nucleotide excision repair, to sites of DNA damage, which is necessary for this mechanism of DNA repair. It further contributes to base excision repair (BER), likely through interaction with UNG. Additionally, it recruits SMARCAL1/HARP, which participates in replication fork restart, to sites of DNA damage. It may also play a role in telomere maintenance.
Gene References Into Functions
- RPA, renowned for its role in DNA replication and repair, recruits HIRA to promoters and enhancers, regulating the deposition of newly synthesized H3.3 to these regulatory elements for gene regulation. PMID: 28107649
- Single point mutations in the RPA32 subunit of RPA that abolish interaction with RFWD3 also inhibit interstrand crossling repair, demonstrating that RPA-mediated RFWD3 recruitment to stalled replication forks is essential for ICL repair. PMID: 28575657
- The authors demonstrate that Vpr can form a trimolecular complex with UNG2 and RPA32, and the positive effect of UNG2 and RPA32 on the reverse transcription process leads to optimal virus replication and dissemination between the primary target cells of HIV-1. PMID: 27068393
- RPA32 phosphorylation regulates replication arrest, recombination, late origin firing, and mitotic catastrophe. PMID: 24819595
- Expression of mutant RPA2 or loss of PALB2 expression led to significant DNA damage after replication stress, a defect exacerbated by poly-ADP (adenosine diphosphate) ribose polymerase inhibitors. PMID: 25113031
- Conserved motifs are required for RPA32 binding to the N-terminus of SMARCAL1. PMID: 24910198
- This study reports the characterization of the RPA32C-SMARCAL1 interface at the molecular level; implications of results are discussed with respect to the recruitment of SMARCAL1 and other DNA damage response and repair proteins to stalled replication forks. PMID: 24730652
- The study concludes that RPA2 expression is translationally regulated via internal ribosome entry site and by eIF3a, and that this regulation is partly responsible for the cellular response to DNA damage and survival. PMID: 23393223
- This study has explored the role of RPA32 phosphorylation at CDK and ATR sites and proposes that phosphorylation of the RPA32 subunit is dispensable for checkpoint activation induced by replication stress with aphidicolin. PMID: 23047005
- 4E-BP3 regulates eIF4E-mediated nuclear mRNA export and interacts with replication protein A2. PMID: 22684010
- Data show that the R88C variant impairs binding of the R88C variant impairs binding of uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG2 to replication protein A RPA2. PMID: 22521144
- Replication protein A1, replication protein A2, and cyclins D2 and D3 appear to have a parallel role in promoting cell cycle in astrocytic tumors, being implicated in the malignant progression of these neoplasms. PMID: 21496876
- RPA2 up-regulation may be involved in the growth and/or survival of BRCA1 tumor cells and useful in immunohistochemical discrimination of triple-negative BRCA1 tumors. PMID: 21137066
- At the subunit level, 13 proteins out of 30 examined may interact with RPA2. PMID: 20679368
- Data suggest that RPA2 hyperphosphorylation plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and cell survival after a DNA replication block via promotion of homologous recombination. PMID: 20130019
- Data suggest that PP4-mediated dephosphorylation of RPA2 is necessary for an efficient DNA-damage response. PMID: 20154705
- RPA32, critical for cell proliferation and maintenance of genome stability, are markedly down-regulated. Data hypothesized that their DNA-related functions could be partially limited in TRAIL-resistant HL-60 cells. PMID: 19834905
- Phosphorylation of the RPA2 subunit is observed after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and other DNA-damaging agents, which implicates the modified protein in the regulation of DNA replication after DNA damage or in DNA repair. PMID: 11731442
- RPA2 binds to menin and has a role in multiple endocrine neoplasia. PMID: 12509449
- The C-terminal domain of hRPA32 subunit (RPA32C) facilitates initiation of SV40 replication. PMID: 15793585
- In response to UV-induced DNA damage, ATR rapidly phosphorylates RPA2, disrupting its association with replication centers in the S-phase and contributing to the inhibition of DNA replication. PMID: 17035231
- Determination at single-nucleotide resolution of the relative positions of the single-stranded DNA with interacting intrinsic tryptophans of RPA32. PMID: 17583916
- RPA phosphorylation facilitates chromosomal DNA repair. PMID: 17928296
- RPA32 is extensively phosphorylated after the induction of EBV lytic replication. Rad51 and RPA32 are necessary for the completion of EBV lytic infection. PMID: 19386720
- The N-terminus of RPA1 and phosphorylation of RPA2 regulate RPA interactions with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and are important in the response to DNA damage. PMID: 19586055
- Mitotic phosphorylation of RPA2 starts at the onset of mitosis, and dephosphorylation occurs during late cytokinesis. PMID: 19671522
Database Links
Protein Families
Replication factor A protein 2 family
Subcellular Location
Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body.
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