Phospho-THRB (S142) Antibody

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Description

Antibody Structure and Immunogen

  • Host and Isotype: The antibody is derived from rabbit serum (IgG class) and is affinity-purified using phosphopeptide columns .

  • Immunogen: The antibody targets a synthesized peptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site of Ser142 within the 116–165 amino acid region of human THRB .

  • Molecular Weight: The antibody has a calculated molecular weight of 52,788 Da .

Applications

The antibody is validated for the following techniques:

  • Western Blot (WB): Detects phosphorylated THRB in lysates of cells treated with activating agents (e.g., PMA) . Recommended dilution: 1:500–1:2000 .

  • ELISA: Quantifies phosphorylated THRB in immunoassays using phosphopeptide competition . Dilution: 1:5000 .

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes phosphorylated THRB in paraffin-embedded tissues (e.g., lung cancer samples) .

  • Immunofluorescence (IF): Visualizes nuclear THRB phosphorylation in fixed cells .

Validation and Specificity

  • Blocking Peptide: The antibody’s specificity is confirmed by competition assays using the phosphorylated immunogen peptide. For example, Western blot analysis of HeLa cells treated with PMA shows a strong signal that is abolished by pre-incubation with the phosphopeptide .

  • Cross-Reactivity: No cross-reactivity with non-phosphorylated THRB or unrelated proteins has been reported .

Research Relevance

Phospho-THRB (S142) Antibody is a critical tool for investigating:

  • Thyroid Hormone Signaling: THRB phosphorylation at Ser142 may regulate its nuclear localization or transcriptional activity, though specific mechanisms remain under study .

  • Cancer Research: The antibody aids in analyzing THRB phosphorylation in cancer models, where altered receptor activity is linked to tumor progression .

  • Nuclear Receptor Regulation: The antibody facilitates studies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of nuclear receptors, a key area in gene regulation and disease research .

References

  1. [Boster Bio] : Provides detailed immunogen and application data.

  2. [Sigma-Aldrich] : Confirms antibody specificity via Western blot validation.

  3. [Abbexa] : Highlights ELISA and IHC applications.

  4. [Affinity Biosciences] : Describes purification methods and cross-reactivity.

  5. [Bioss USA] : Lists technical specifications and storage conditions.

Product Specs

Buffer
The antibody is provided as a liquid solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.02% sodium azide.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
We typically dispatch products within 1-3 business days after receiving your order. Delivery time may vary depending on the shipping method and destination. For specific delivery estimates, please consult your local distributors.
Synonyms
Avian erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2 antibody; C ERBA 2 antibody; C ERBA BETA antibody; c-erbA-2 antibody; c-erbA-beta antibody; ERBA 2 antibody; ERBA BETA antibody; ERBA2 antibody; Erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2 avian antibody; generalized resistance to thyroid hormone antibody; GRTH antibody; MGC126109 antibody; MGC126110 antibody; NR1A2 antibody; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group A member 2 antibody; Oncogene ERBA2 antibody; PRTH antibody; THB_HUMAN antibody; THR1 antibody; THRB 1 antibody; THRB 2 antibody; thrB antibody; THRB1 antibody; THRB2 antibody; Thyroid hormone nuclear receptor beta variant 1 antibody; Thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 antibody; Thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 antibody; Thyroid hormone receptor beta antibody; Thyroid hormone receptor, beta (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2, avian) antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
The Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta (THRB) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to thyroid hormones. THRB can act as both a repressor and an activator of transcription. It exhibits high affinity for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
Gene References Into Functions
  1. Research indicates that the mitochondrial variant of TRbeta1 (m-TRbeta1) functions as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinoma, demonstrating a more pronounced effect compared to TRbeta1. PMID: 29679278
  2. Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) have been shown to regulate the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes. PMID: 28864529
  3. A novel mutation, T273R, within the THRB gene has been identified in patients exhibiting characteristics of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH) syndrome. This mutation is proposed to impair the trans-activating function of TRbeta, potentially leading to dominant negative effects. PMID: 28557707
  4. Previous studies have demonstrated that Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCoR) and TRbeta1 inhibit tumor invasion. Further research reveals that these molecules repress the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D genes in breast cancer cells, leading to reduced lymphatic vessel density and a decrease in sentinel lymph node invasion in tumor xenografts. PMID: 27806339
  5. Findings emphasize the significance of TRB1 in regulating the replication of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) in differentiated environments with neuronal phenotypes. PMID: 26843385
  6. In specific contexts, the loss of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) enables TRbeta1-dependent suppression of SKP2, acting as a safeguard against RB1-deficient tumorigenesis. TRbeta2 counteracts TRbeta1, disrupting this safeguard and promoting the development of RB1-deficient malignancies. PMID: 28972075
  7. A relatively stable genome in retinoblastoma tumor cells is maintained by TRb1 and TRb2-mediated inhibition of PTTG1, counteracting Rb-deficiency-related genomic instability. PMID: 28242412
  8. The effects of the R429Q-TRbeta1 variant in RTH syndrome are likely due to reduced hormone affinity observed for this mutant rather than a change in its target gene repertoire. PMID: 28257829
  9. Research has uncovered a novel mechanism by which thyroid hormone receptor beta can function as a tumor suppressor through modulation of the TNF alpha-IkappaB alpha-NFkappaB pathway. PMID: 27254276
  10. A novel single nucleotide substitution, C to G in codon 340, has been identified in the THRB gene in association with RTH syndrome. PMID: 28222413
  11. TRbeta suppresses the transcriptional activities of Runx2, confirming TRbeta regulation of Runx2 at functional thyroid hormone-response elements. Importantly, these findings suggest that the ratio of the tumor-suppressor TRbeta and the tumor-promoting Runx2 may reflect tumor aggressiveness and serve as potential biomarkers in biopsy tissues. This discovery supports the emerging role of TRbeta as a tumor suppressor. PMID: 27253998
  12. Results reveal that microRNA 200a inhibits erythroid differentiation by targeting PDCD4 and THRB. PMID: 27734462
  13. It was observed that estrogen receptor (ER) stimulated gene expression through interactions with MEIS1 and FOXP3, while ER inhibited gene expression by interacting with THRB and GRHL1. PMID: 27035558
  14. This report describes a pedigree of RTH syndrome with a heterozygous A317T mutation in the THRbeta gene in both the proband and his mother. This is the first reported mutation in the Chinese population and provides a comprehensive review of available literature. PMID: 27537566
  15. Molecular cloning and detection of TR beta isoform 4 in pituitary cells. PMID: 26513165
  16. The expression of thyroid receptor beta is associated with fertility status. PMID: 26715425
  17. The p.H271D mutation has been linked to RTH syndrome. PMID: 26041374
  18. Direct THRB sequencing revealed two novel mutations: the heterozygous p.Ala317Ser in subject 1 and the heterozygous p.Arg438Pro in subject 2. PMID: 25738994
  19. Down-regulation of THRbeta correlates with a reduction in all markers of differentiation and is associated with overexpression of certain miRNAs thought to play a role in thyroid tumorigenesis. PMID: 26003825
  20. Researchers propose that the mutated C-terminal region of TRbeta1 could function as an "onco-domain." PMID: 25924236
  21. Cases suggest that certain RTHbeta mutants, such as p.R316C, may exhibit a very mild syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin despite apparent peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone. PMID: 25502991
  22. Loss of heterozygosity in THRB and its proximal microsatellite markers may contribute to tumorigenesis and development in invasive breast cancer. PMID: 26350179
  23. Results indicate that triple-negative breast cancer patients express low levels of THRB, which is associated with poor prognosis and enhanced resistance to both docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment. PMID: 25820519
  24. This article demonstrates that the A234T mutation in the THR-beta gene can cause RTH syndrome. PMID: 26273722
  25. Promoter methylation of THRB may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. PMID: 25302749
  26. Data indicate altered mineral metabolism in both adults and children with RTH due to mutations in the THRB gene. PMID: 25063548
  27. Data demonstrate that TR sumoylation is essential for the activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway during preadipocyte proliferation and enhances PPARgamma signaling, which promotes differentiation. PMID: 25572392
  28. THRB is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and precancerous peritumoral tissue. PMID: 25156012
  29. miR-424 or miR-503 mediate the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive actions of thyroid hormone receptor beta. PMID: 24796297
  30. CpG methylation does not appear to be the primary mechanism contributing to decreased THRB expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PMID: 24849932
  31. Thyroid hormone receptor coordinates the regulation of transcription and alternative splicing. In the presence of triiodothyronine (T3), TR stimulates target gene transcription by binding to the thyroid hormone-response element. PMID: 25019984
  32. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of Mediterranean populations with RTH were similar to those previously described. Notably, in these populations, four novel mutations in the TRbeta gene were identified. PMID: 24722129
  33. TRb expression in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) cells decreased cancer cell proliferation, impeded tumor cell migration, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo through downregulation of the AKT-mTOR-p70 S6P signaling pathway and suppression of VEGF expression. PMID: 23731250
  34. T3 thyroid hormone enhanced the recruitment of the TRbeta1/Oct-1 complex on the Octamer-transcription factor-1 site within the cyclin D1 promoter. PMID: 24121026
  35. ONL001656673 PMID: 20082849
  36. A heterozygous mutation at codon 350 located in exon 9 of the THRB gene was detected in all affected family members. It is important to consider thyroid hormone levels in conjunction with TSH levels to prevent inappropriate treatment. PMID: 24217081
  37. Utilizing several human retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) enhancer/promoter-luciferase reporter constructs, the study found that thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 (TRbeta2) increased luciferase activities through the 5'-UTR and intron 3-4 region. PMID: 24058409
  38. Alzheimer's disease brain tissues with elevated neuroserpin protein also showed increased expression of THRbeta1 and HuD. PMID: 24036060
  39. Results show that thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta1) mRNA expression was significantly reduced in gastric cancer specimens, and the methylation of the TRbeta1 gene promoter in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues. PMID: 24434154
  40. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) stimulates THRB1 activity in a manner independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) but requires SIRT1 deacetylase activity. PMID: 23922917
  41. Adenovirus E1A 55R functions as a strong co-activator of TR-dependent transcription. PMID: 24136366
  42. A combination of isoform-specific recruitment and tissue-specific expression of newly identified coregulator candidates serves to tailor TR function for different biological purposes in different cell types. PMID: 23558175
  43. Data suggest that 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) activates the thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta1). PMID: 23736295
  44. This report describes a novel mutation in the THRb gene [c.986C>T (p.Thr329Ile)] in a woman and her daughter, who was also a carrier of the same mutation. PMID: 23195042
  45. TR-beta and liver X receptor alpha (LXR-alpha) competitively up-regulate the human Seladin-1 promoter, sharing the same response element, site A. PMID: 23416078
  46. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 5' of the thyroid hormone receptor-beta gene was associated with bronchial dysplasia in the childhood population and two adult populations (P-value=0.0012- PMID: 22212731
  47. A novel inverse recruitment mechanism has been identified in which liganded TRbeta recruits corepressors to inhibit phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2g2a) expression. PMID: 23629656
  48. THRB intronic SNPs may provide valuable information regarding chemoradiotherapy-related severe myelotoxicity in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 23136537
  49. This study documents a congenital disorder of cone function characterized by severely reduced L- and M-cone responses and increased S-cone responses caused by deleterious mutations in the THRbeta2 gene in thyroid resistant patients. PMID: 22551329
  50. THRB mRNA expression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was 90% lower than in normal controls, and this decrease was associated with higher tumor/lymph node staging. PMID: 23183175

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Database Links

HGNC: 11799

OMIM: 145650

KEGG: hsa:7068

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000348827

UniGene: Hs.187861

Involvement In Disease
Generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR); Generalized thyroid hormone resistance autosomal recessive (GTHRAR); Selective pituitary thyroid hormone resistance (PRTH)
Protein Families
Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Subcellular Location
Nucleus.

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