PHOT1 Antibody
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Description
Definition and Background
PHOT1 is a plasma membrane-associated serine/threonine kinase that binds flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as its chromophore. It regulates blue light-mediated processes such as stomatal opening, chloroplast movements, leaf flattening, and phototropism . The PHOT1 antibody specifically targets this photoreceptor, facilitating its detection in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy studies.
Key Attributes:
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Molecular Weight:
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Domains:
Table 1: Key Studies Utilizing PHOT1 Antibody
Technical Validation and Protocols
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Western Blotting:
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Immunoprecipitation:
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Confocal Microscopy:
PHOT1-Mediated Signaling Pathways:
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Phototropism: PHOT1 activation triggers NPH3 dephosphorylation in basal hypocotyl regions, driving directional growth .
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Stomatal Opening: Autophosphorylation at Ser-851 is essential for 14-3-3 binding and H+-ATPase activation .
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Immune Suppression: Kinase-active PHOT1 promotes degradation of immune regulator StSWAP70 via NRL1, enhancing pathogen susceptibility .
Table 2: PHOT1 Interaction Partners
Critical Findings and Implications
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Kinase Activity Dependency:
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Tissue-Specific Roles:
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Blue Light Fluence:
Product Specs
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% ProClin 300; Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
14-16 weeks (Made-to-order)
Synonyms
PHOT1 antibody; JK224 antibody; NPH1 antibody; RPT1 antibody; At3g45780 antibody; T6D9_110 antibody; Phototropin-1 antibody; EC 2.7.11.1 antibody; Non-phototropic hypocotyl protein 1 antibody; Root phototropism protein 1 antibody
Target Names
PHOT1
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
Phototropin 1 (PHOT1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase functioning as a blue light photoreceptor. It plays a crucial role in various blue light-mediated responses, including photo-induced movements, stomatal opening (through phosphorylation of BLUS1), mRNA destabilization, calcium spiking, membrane depolarization, growth inhibition, root phototropism, and hypocotyl phototropism (under low light intensity). PHOT1 contributes to chloroplast accumulation, regulates stomatal opening and photomorphogenesis in leaf tissue, and confers drought sensitivity. Notably, it is not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation, or cotyledon opening.
Gene References Into Functions
- Phototropin 1 (PHOT1) senses low light to promote positive phototropism, but also limits the response under high light conditions. PMID: 29921904
- The kinase domain of Arabidopsis PHOT1 and PHOT2 can be engineered to utilize non-natural ATP analogs by substituting threonine with glycine. PMID: 29475950
- Studies indicate that PHOT1-mediated NPH3 dephosphorylation is tissue-autonomous and more prominent in the basal hypocotyl, excluding the hypocotyl apex as the primary light perception site for phototropism. PMID: 27545835
- Arabidopsis adapts to the elevated phosphorylation of the PHOT1 R472H mutant by reducing its stability. High-light activity of this mutant is attributed to increased LOV2-mediated autophosphorylation. PMID: 28663371
- Lysine 475 in the LOV2 N-terminal region is crucial for transmitting structural changes in LOV2 to the kinase domain. The inter-domain interface is critical for signaling, activating the kinase in response to LOV2 conformational changes. PMID: 27484797
- PHOT1 and PHOT2 phosphorylate BLUS1 kinase, with PHOT1 exhibiting greater efficiency. BLUS1 phosphorylation significantly influences physiological responses. PMID: 26780063
- Following cold treatment in darkness, PHOT1 expression is down-regulated, while PHOT2 expression is up-regulated. Chloroplast motility is more sensitive to blue light at low temperatures. PMID: 26398808
- PHOT1 regulates lateral root elongation via an auxin-related signaling pathway. PMID: 24803136
- Truncation of the A'α-helix and substitutions at Glu474 and Lys475 impair blue light-induced kinase activation without affecting S390 formation. PMID: 25886203
- PHOT1 modulates phytochrome-regulated photomorphogenesis, particularly in dim blue light, potentially through auxin transport. PMID: 25482790
- The Arabidopsis thaliana PHOT1 LOV2 domain forms a dimer with a scissor-like orientation of two α-helices at the dimer interface. PMID: 24316821
- Phototropic bending in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings requires PHOT1 in the upper hypocotyl to perceive the stimulus and initiate signaling. PMID: 24076239
- PHOT1 mediates high-intensity blue light-induced cytosolic calcium increases in hypocotyls. PMID: 23674105
- RPT2 interacts with PHOT1 in signal transduction. PMID: 22739508
- PHOT1 is involved in chloroplast accumulation and maintaining the orientation of developing leaves. PMID: 22782888
- Phototropin 1 localizes to the chloroplast outer membrane. PMID: 23161859
- PHOT1 and PHOT2 promote leaf flattening by suppressing phyB activity. PMID: 23054390
- The photosensitivity of PHOT1 kinase activation relates to the lifetime of S390 in LOV2. PMID: 23066024
- Phytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 (PKS4) is a PHOT1 substrate, phosphorylated in a PHOT1-dependent manner in vivo. PMID: 22781128
- Blue light-activated PHOT1 is ubiquitinated, depending on NPH3 and CUL3. PMID: 21990941
- Phototropin-deficient plants exhibit impaired stomatal opening responses to blue light. PMID: 22147516
- Studies on photoregulation of PHOT1 kinase. PMID: 22001205
- Chloroplast avoidance movements require PHOT1 and PHOT2. PMID: 21737483
- PHOT1-mediated response kinetics following a blue light pulse. PMID: 20861684
- PHOT1 and PHOT2 mutants display altered chloroplast distribution patterns compared to wild type. PMID: 20614182
- PHOT1 is a blue-light receptor kinase optimizing photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis. PMID: 20031924
- PHOT1 autophosphorylation can occur intermolecularly through light-dependent dimerization. PMID: 19880798
- Phototropins promote plant growth by integrating responses optimizing photosynthetic performance. PMID: 15749755
- JAC1 interacts with PHOT1 and PHOT2 in chloroplast movement. PMID: 16113208
- LOV2 domain acts as a light-regulated switch for casein phosphorylation, and as an attenuator of light activation. LOV1 also attenuates light activation. PMID: 16150710
- PKS1 interacts with PHOT1. PMID: 16777956
- The LOV2 domain of PHOT1 plays a major role in phototropism and leaf expansion. PMID: 17085510
- PHOT1 enhances drought performance by increasing root growth efficiency. PMID: 17176396
- A two-step mechanism is proposed for linker unfolding. PMID: 17275025
- Phototropins positively affect phototropic curvature, particularly in the absence of cryptochromes. PMID: 18183416
- 5PTase13 antagonizes PHOT1's effects on calcium signaling under blue light. PMID: 18252844
- Ser-851 autophosphorylation mediates signaling between photochemical reactions and physiological events. PMID: 18378899
- LOV1 domain of PHOT1 and PHOT2 forms a dimer. PMID: 18585389
- Recombinant LOV1 domains of PHOT1 and PHOT2 have been crystallized. PMID: 18607090
- PHOT1 is more light-sensitive than PHOT2, largely due to its N-terminal moiety. PMID: 18643969
- Linker region dissociation from the LOV2 domain is key for conformational change and biological activity in PHOT1. Phototropins may function as temperature sensors. PMID: 18793649
- PHOT1 localization in Arabidopsis is mediated by phytochrome A. PMID: 18952772
- PHOT1-LOV2 exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium, while PHOT2-LOV2 is primarily monomeric in the dark. PMID: 19166850
- Phototropins control phototropism in inflorescence stems and leaf petioles. PHOT1 is a major photoreceptor under various light conditions. PMID: 19689999
Database Links
Protein Families
Protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm.
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