PIF1 Antibody
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Description
Biochemical and Functional Studies
PIF1 antibodies enable investigations into PIF1’s enzymatic activities, including:
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Helicase Activity: PIF1’s 5′→3′ unwinding of RNA-DNA hybrids and G-quadruplex structures .
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Post-Translational Modifications: Acetylation (e.g., K118, K129, K525) regulates its interaction with telomerase and DNA repair machinery .
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Protein Interactions: Recruitment via RPA and PCNA to replication forks and DNA breaks .
Example:
| Antibody | Application | Key Finding | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| sc-48377 (WB) | Telomerase inhibition | PIF1 displaces telomerase from DNA ends . | |
| ab192369 (WB) | PIF1 acetylation | Acetylation enhances helicase activity . |
Clinical and Diagnostic Use
Cancer Prognosis:
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Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (ccRCC): High PIF1 expression correlates with advanced T/N/M stages, poor survival, and immune evasion .
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ROC Analysis: PIF1 mRNA distinguishes ccRCC from normal tissues (AUC = 0.928) .
| Cancer Type | PIF1 Expression | Clinical Impact | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ccRCC | ↑ mRNA | Poor OS, DSS, PFI; linked to mitotic errors | |
| Lung/Cervical Cancer | Variable | PIF1 knockdown induces apoptosis . |
Antibody Types and Conjugates
PIF1 antibodies are available in diverse formats to suit experimental needs:
Challenges and Considerations
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Specificity: Polyclonal antibodies may cross-react with related helicases (e.g., Rrm3) .
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Optimization: Dilutions vary (1:500–1:1000 for WB; 1:100–1:200 for IP) .
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Thermophilic PIF1: Structural studies highlight conserved motifs but limited antibody reactivity .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)
Synonyms
PIF1 antibody; BHLH15 antibody; EN101 antibody; PIL5 antibody; At2g20180 antibody; T2G17.2 antibody; Transcription factor PIF1 antibody; Basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 antibody; AtbHLH15 antibody; bHLH 15 antibody; Protein PHY-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 antibody; Protein PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 5 antibody; Transcription factor EN 101 antibody; bHLH transcription factor bHLH015 antibody
Target Names
PIF1
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
PIF1 (Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 1) is a transcription activator playing a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant development. In darkness, PIF1 negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and seed germination. Upon exposure to light, the degradation of PIF1 is triggered, relieving this negative regulation and promoting photomorphogenesis. PIF1 binds to the G-box motif (5'-CACGTG-3'), a common sequence found in many light-regulated promoters. Notably, PIF1 promotes the expression of SOM (Seedling of Maize), thereby influencing responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA).
Gene References Into Functions
- PIL5 (PIL5-Like) interacts with flowering integrators and gibberellic acid, playing a role in the transition to flowering. PMID: 29588173
- Evidence suggests that PIF1 and CTG10 (CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE10) coexist and accumulate in the nucleus during darkness. Upon illumination, CTG10 assists in reducing PIF1 levels, facilitating seed germination and subsequent seedling development. PMID: 29632208
- Research indicates that nitric oxide (NO) signals modulate PHYB (Phytochrome B)-mediated seed germination by repressing PIF1 expression at the transcriptional level and stabilizing the HFR1 (LONG HYPOCOTYL5) protein, preventing PIF1 activity. PMID: 29248678
- COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) promotes the degradation of HFR1 under shade conditions, enhancing PIF's ability to regulate gene expression, increase auxin levels, and promote stem growth. PMID: 27105120
- A transcriptional cascade involving PIF1/PIF3, HY5 (HYPOCOtyl5), and BBX23 (B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 23) plays a crucial role in photomorphogenesis. PMID: 28687557
- RPGE1 (REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYSTEM I GENE EXPRESSION 1) acts downstream of PIF1 in the endodermis, repressing photosynthetic genes and regulating plastid development. PMID: 27591813
- In vivo studies demonstrate that PIF1 targeting to specific binding sites is determined by its interaction with PTFs (PIF1 Target Factors) and their binding to GCEs (G-Box Consensus Elements). PMID: 27303023
- Research suggests that LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH) functions as a transcriptional coregulator alongside PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1), inhibiting seed germination. PMID: 26276832
- Studies indicate that AtHB1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Homeobox 1) acts downstream of PIF1 to promote hypocotyl elongation, particularly in response to short-day photoperiods. PMID: 25865500
- In vivo experiments support a regulatory mechanism for PIFs where HMR (HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 1) acts as a transcriptional coactivator, directly binding to PIFs. The 9aaTAD (9-amino acid TransActivation Domain) of HMR couples the degradation of PIF1 and PIF3 with the transactivation of PIF target genes. PMID: 25944101
- DET1 (DE-ETIOLATED 1) maximizes PIF1's action by removing the transcriptional repressor HFR1 and protecting PIF1 from proteasome-mediated degradation. PMID: 25775589
- PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 collaborate to promote and optimize growth under photoperiodic conditions. PMID: 24420574
- EFS (EMBRYO-DEFECTIVE 2427) is essential for high-level expression of PIF1 mRNA in imbibed seeds. PMID: 24635727
- VQ29 is a negative transcriptional regulator of light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, likely promoting PIF1's transcriptional activity during early seedling development. PMID: 24569844
- HFR1 prevents PIF1 from binding to its target genes and antagonistically regulates PIF1-mediated gene expression. HFR1 and PIF1 are the primary transcription regulators responsible for light-directed transcriptome changes in seed germination. PMID: 24179122
- Data suggests that the PIF1/PIF3-HY5/HYH transcriptional modules mediate crosstalk between light and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, facilitating plant adaptation to various light environments. PMID: 23645630
- The ability of glucose (Glc) to induce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis was upregulated in the pif1 pif3 pif4 pif5 quadruple mutant line compared to the wild type. PMID: 23209113
- Transposase-derived proteins FHY3/FAR1 interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis by modulating HEMB1 (5-aminolevulinate synthase) during deetiolation in Arabidopsis. PMID: 22634759
- ABI3 (ABA-INSENSITIVE 3) and PIL5 collaboratively activate the expression of SOM mRNA by directly binding to and interacting with each other at the SOM promoter. PMID: 21467583
- Data suggests that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation enhances the light-induced degradation of PIF1, promoting photomorphogenesis. PMID: 21330376
- PIF1 and other PIFs play a role in transducing light signals to regulate PSY (PSY gene) expression and carotenoid accumulation during daily cycles of light and dark in mature plants. PMID: 20534526
- Research shows that AtGA3ox1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Gibberellin 3-oxidase 1) is directly regulated by DAG1 (DE-ETIOLATED 1-BINDING PROTEIN 1). Evidence suggests that DAG1 is not a direct regulatory target of PIL5. PMID: 19874540
- PIF1 negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis. PMID: 15448264
- PIF1 is degraded in red (R) and far-red (FR) light through the ubiquitin (ub)-26S proteasome pathway to optimize photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis. PMID: 16359394
- PIL5 binds directly to GAI (GAI, an inhibitor of GA signaling) and RGA (REPRESSOR OF GA1) promoters but not to gibberellic and abscisic metabolic gene promoters in Arabidopsis. PMID: 17449805
- Data suggests that PIL5 activates the expression of SOM by binding directly to its promoter, implying that PIL5 regulates ABA and GA metabolic genes partly through SOM. PMID: 18487351
- Research suggests that light-induced proteolytic degradation of PIF1 might be sufficient to promote photomorphogenesis. PMID: 18539749
- Evidence strongly suggests that PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis. PMID: 18591656
- PIL5 inhibits seed germination not only through GA and ABA but also by coordinating hormone signals and modulating cell wall properties in imbibed seeds. PMID: 19244139
Database Links
Subcellular Location
Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed constitutively in roots, leaves, stems, and flowers.
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